LEARNING AND MOTIVATION学习与动机
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION(英文缩写 LEARN MOTIV),ISSN 0023-9690,eISSN 1095-9122,中文译名:学习与动机 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-11-01 至 2026-10-31，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
历年影响因子趋势
| JCR 数据年份 | 影响因子 | JCR 分区 |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 1.488 | Q4 |
| 2022 | 1.400 | Q3 |
| 2023 | 1.700 | Q3 |
| 2024 | 1.800 | Q3 |
| 2025 | 4.400 | Q1 |
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 最新收录文献
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1. The Impact of Pretraining on Autoshaping and Operant Acquisition in Rats is Significant but Transient.
PMID:日期:2025-03-11Pretraining refers to events or conditions explicitly arranged prior to the learner (e.g., student, employee) experiencing specific instruction within the learning environment (i.e., training). Such pretraining can occur inside or outside of the specific learning environment, but by definition must precede the onset of training. Pretraining can modify the rate and quality of early learning and the final performance levels attained. Within experimental psychology, laboratories often include pretraining to hasten acquisition, but few empirical studies support this practice. Therefore, in the present study, four distinct levels of pretraining were examined by randomly assigning 284 naïve rats into groups: no training, chamber acclimation, pellets only, or magazine training. By manipulating experience with the chamber, food pellets, and stimuli associated with pellet delivery, direct assessments were made of pretraining on autoshaped lever press acquisition and incremental progress through a fixed order of common (ratio and interval) schedules of reinforcement. Pretraining affected acquisition, and the several measures of learning corroborated the presumed benefits of magazine training. Notably, simple pre-exposure to the chamber (both with pellets and without pellets in the magazine) also promoted acquisition compared to the no-training group. Nevertheless, despite clear benefits upon acquisition in early sessions, comparable levels of performance developed as training progressed, with the exception of higher lever-pressing rates from the magazine-training group compared to the pellets-only and chamber-acclimation groups. Magazine training hastened operant acquisition, but the overall benefit was somewhat diminutive and short-lived, and the practical value of these pretraining procedures on subsequent operant performance appears limited.
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2. Response-specificity or response-generality of inhibition in an operant feature-negative discrimination: Influence of the amount of inhibition training and attention to the response.
PMID:日期:2024-08-23The suppression of behavior that occurs in instrumental extinction is strikingly specific to the response. In contrast, Steinfeld and Bouton (2022) recently reported that inhibition developing in an operant feature-negative (FN) discrimination is not specific to the response. In two experiments, we tested two potential explanations of why inhibition in FN learning is relatively response-general. In each, we used Steinfeld and Bouton's method and concurrently trained two FN discriminations with different operant responses (AR1+/ABR1- and CR2+/CDR2-). We then assessed the extent to which the inhibitory cues (B and D) suppressed the response they were trained with (same-response inhibition) and the alternative response (cross-response inhibition). Experiment 1 tested the idea that FN inhibition might be response-general because it can create strong inhibition. Rats received either 3, 6, or 12 sessions of FN discrimination training (Steinfeld and Bouton's rats had received 12). Inhibition was response-general at every level of training. In Experiment 2, the inhibitors (B and D) were first trained as cues that set the occasion for R1 and R2 (respectively) before they were turned into inhibitors in the FN discriminations. In the end, there was less cross-response inhibition, and thus more response-specificity. We suggest that inhibition in FN learning may be response-general because the unambiguous inhibitory cue (B or D) can draw attention away from the response.
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3. Response-specific effects of punishment of a discriminated operant response.
PMID:日期:2023-06-12To determine whether the punishment of a discriminated operant behavior has effects that are specific to the punished response, rats were reinforced for performing two different instrumental responses (lever pressing and chain pulling) in the presence of a single discriminative stimulus (S). They were then either punished with mild footshock for performing one of the responses (R1) in S, or they received the same shocks in a noncontingent manner while performing R1 in S (i.e., a yoked control). In final tests of both R1 and R2 in S, the punished rats were more suppressed to R1 than R2, but the yoked rats were not. The results extend previous results with extinction rather than punishment learning (Bouton, Trask, & Carranza-Jasso, 2016) and support a larger parallel between extinction and punishment of both free-operant and discriminated-operant responding. Punishment is like extinction in creating a response-specific inhibition of either free or discriminated operant behavior.
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4. Sociability versus empathy in adolescent mice: Different or distinctive?
PMID:日期:2023-06-01In recent years, a growing number of pre-clinical studies have made use of the social abilities of mice, asking how gene variants (e.g., null, transgenic or mutant alleles) give rise to abnormalities in neurodevelopment. Two distinct courses of research provide the foundation for these studies. One course has mostly focused on how we can assess "sociability" using metrics, often automated, to quantitate mouse approach and withdrawal responses to a variety of social stimuli. The other course has focused on psychobiological constructs that underlie the socio-emotional capacities of mice, including motivation, reward and empathy. Critically, we know little about how measures of mouse sociability align with their underlying socio-emotional capacities. In the present work, we compared the expression of sociability in adolescent mice from several strains versus a precisely defined behavioral model of empathy that makes use of a vicarious fear learning paradigm. Despite substantial strain-dependent variation within each behavioral domain, we found little evidence of a relationship between these social phenotypes (i.e., the rank order of strain differences was unique for each test). By contrast, emission of ultrasonic vocalizations was highly associated with sociability, suggesting that these two measures reflect the same underlying construct. Taken together, our results indicate that sociability and vicarious fear learning are not manifestations of a single, overarching social trait. These findings thus underscore the necessity for a robust and diverse set of measures when using laboratory mice to model the social dimensions of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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5. Executive Functioning and the Pursuit of Happiness.
PMID:日期:2021-08-31Executive functioning and happiness are each associated with successful learning and other desirable individual and societal outcomes; however, it is unclear whether a relation exists between them. Executive regulation of happiness pursuits in daily life, operationalized as hedonic (e.g., pursuing pleasure) and eudaimonic (e.g., pursuing personal growth) motives for action, may be a way the constructs relate to each other. In this initial investigation, we aimed to explore whether objectively measured executive functioning skills relate to happiness motives. A sample of 119 college students completed six objective neuropsychological measures of executive functioning and self-reported levels of hedonic and eudaimonic motives for action in daily life. Correlation and regression analyses examined the relations among temporal discounting and two latent executive functioning factors (inhibitory control and working memory) with hedonic and eudaimonic motives, as well as their interaction. Results suggested a possible association between higher levels of eudaimonic motives and preference for higher delayed rewards, as well as poorer working memory. Further analyses suggested that endorsing high levels of eudaimonic and hedonic motives simultaneously (i.e., the "full life") was associated with poorer inhibitory control and working memory performance, whereas endorsing low levels of both simultaneously (i.e., the "empty life") was associated with a preference for more immediate monetary rewards. Findings are discussed in the context of goal conflict and risk assessment among individuals who endorse the "full life". Overall, these findings suggest that complex relations may exist between executive functioning and trait-level happiness pursuits, and have implications for possible interventions aimed at enhancing happiness-related motives and cognitive processes to facilitate learning. Given the exploratory nature of the present study, further investigations are necessary.
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6. Evaluating Extinction, Renewal, and Resurgence of Operant Behavior in Humans with Amazon Mechanical Turk.
PMID:日期:2021-05-13Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a crowdsourcing marketplace providing researchers with the opportunity to collect behavioral data from remote participants at a low cost. Recent research demonstrated reliable extinction effects, as well as renewal and resurgence of button pressing with MTurk participants. To further examine the generality of these findings, we replicated and extended these methods across six experiments arranging reinforcement and extinction of a target button press. In contrast to previous findings, we did not observe as reliable of decreases in button pressing during extinction (1) after training with VR or VI schedules of reinforcement, (2) in the presence or absence of context changes, or (3) with an added response cost for button pressing. However, we found that that a 1-point response cost for all button presses facilitated extinction to a greater extent than the absence of response cost. Nevertheless, we observed ABA renewal of button pressing when changing background contexts across phases and resurgence when extinguishing presses on an alternative button. Our findings suggest that MTurk could be a viable platform from which to ask and address questions about extinction and relapse processes, but further procedural refinements will be necessary to improve the replicability of control by experimental contingencies.
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7. Written or drawn episodic future thinking cues improves delay discounting in adults.
PMID:日期:2021-04-28Delay discounting (DD) describes choices between small, immediate rewards and larger, delayed rewards. Individuals who are high in DD favor small, immediate rewards, and this preference is related to health behaviors including higher energy intake, smoking and less physical activity. Episodic future thinking (EFT) is an intervention in which one thinks about personal positive future events and this decreases DD in adults and children. In previous studies episodic events have been presented as written or auditory cues. Episodic future images are also imagined visually, but the impact of personal visual cues has not been tested. Research examining sensory modality and semantic memory has shown drawn items are associated with better recall than writing or viewing provided images. This study compared drawn versus written episodic future or recent cues on DD. Sixty-nine adults were randomized to one of three groups; EFT-written, EFT-drawn or Episodic recent thinking (ERT)-written cues, and completed a computerized adjusting amount DD task cued with episodic events. Results showed both written and drawn EFT cues had a larger effect on DD than ERT-written cues and individual differences in immediate time perspective moderated this effect. This suggests that drawn and written cues can have similar effects on DD, providing future clinical work flexibility in how to present cues in the field. In addition, presenting drawn cues may improve DD for individuals who have an immediate time perspective.
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8. Individual variation in the vigor and form of Pavlovian conditioned responses: Analysis of a model system.
PMID:日期:2020-11Pavlovian conditioning results in individual variation in the vigor and form of acquired behaviors. Here, we describe a general-process model of associative learning (HeiDI; How excitation and inhibition determine ideo-motion) that provides an analysis for such variation together with a range of other important group-level phenomena. The model takes as its starting point the idea that pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) result in the formation of reciprocal associations between their central representations. The asymptotic values of these associations and the rate at which these are reached are held to be influenced by the perceived salience of the CS (α) and US (β). Importantly, whether this associative knowledge is exhibited in behavior that reflects the properties of the CS (e.g., sign-tracking) or US (e.g., goal-tracking) is also influenced by the relative values of α and β. In this way, HeiDI provides an analysis for both quantitative and qualitative individual differences generated by Pavlovian conditioning procedures.
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9. Food shopping under risk and uncertainty.
PMID:日期:2020-10-11During the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic panic buying of food was reported by the media. Panic buying has received little attention within behavioural science. In this paper we suggest that optimality models of foraging under risk and uncertainty would be a fruitful place to begin developing useful and testable hypotheses about this behaviour. In making this case we relate panic buying to a general increase in foraging effort, which we characterize as an increase in purchasing and spending. We note two risks during the pandemic - that of food security and that of predation, where predation is understood as a perceived threat to life due to infection risk. Food security was effectively solved early on in the pandemic, whilst perceived threat to life has remained but diminished to some limited extent. We relate panic buying to food caching as a method of buffering risk and make six predictions about how this behaviour should present under food insecurity and perceived threat to life.
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10. Exposure to information increases motivation to learn more.
PMID:日期:2020-09-11Low motivation to learn in undergraduate general education courses hinders learning. Research has identified strategies that increase motivation to learn before students are asked to learn content (e.g., outlining the utility of the course material for future careers). Extending this work, we propose that learning any material in a course may beget motivation to learn more, in line with the notion that the process of learning itself may spark curiosity and interest. Across three populations (college-aged individuals on mTurk, large public university students, and small private university students), we found that watching a TED Talk video (i.e., exposure to new information, learning) pertaining to any topic led to an increase in motivation to continue learning about that topic and other topics more generally. These results reveal a need to broaden models of motivation to consider the importance of exposure to content to increase motivation to learn.