膳食硒纳米颗粒缓解了热应激诱导的大鳞毛甲生殖障碍，其中MeSeCys是一种关键的生物活性硒物种

摘要(中文译文)

本研究旨在确定生殖期水温升高是否会损害大鳞甲的雄性生殖功能，并评估膳食硒纳米粒子（SeNP）是否会减轻热应激引起的生殖损伤。随着生殖期水温的升高，从5月9日到7月2日，精子总活力、进行性活力、节拍交叉频率（BCF）和质膜完整性分别下降了42.3%、66.5%、41.7%和约55%。水温升高也会损害睾丸的抗氧化状态，7月2日T-AOC下降约60%，MDA含量增加约110%，同时出现结构损伤、线粒体异常以及HSP70和NF-κB p65蛋白水平升高。在膳食中补充0.1、0.3和0.9的硒NP mg/kg减轻了热应激引起的生殖损伤，0.3 mg/kg显示出最明显的效果。在这个水平上，SeNPs改善了精子质量、抗氧化状态和受精能力，在6月15日将受精率提高了约20%，在7月2日提高了100%以上。进一步的分析表明，SeNP显著增加了睾丸中硒酸盐、SeCys、MeSeCys和SeMet的水平。体外实验进一步表明，MeSeCys是维持精子活力、稳定ROS水平和提高受精能力方面最有效的硒物种。总体而言，这些发现表明，热应激是导致O.macrolepis繁殖性能降低的关键因素，而SeNP通过减少氧化应激来减轻繁殖损伤，MeSeCys可能是一种关键的生物活性硒物种。

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether increased water temperature during the reproductive period impairs male reproductive function in Onychostoma macrolepis and to evaluate whether dietary selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) alleviate heat stress-induced reproductive damage. As water temperature increased during the reproductive period, sperm total motility, progressive motility, beat cross frequency (BCF), and plasma membrane integrity decreased by 42.3%, 66.5%, 41.7%, and approximately 55%, respectively, from May 9 to July 2. Increased water temperature also impaired testicular antioxidant status, as shown by an approximately 60% decrease in T-AOC and an approximately 110% increase in MDA content on July 2, together with structural damage, mitochondrial abnormalities, and increased protein levels of HSP70 and NF-κB p65. Dietary supplementation with SeNPs at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 mg/kg alleviated heat stress induced reproductive damage, with 0.3 mg/kg showing the most pronounced effects. At this level, SeNPs improved sperm quality, antioxidant status, and fertilization capacity, increasing fertilization rate by approximately 20% on June 15 and by more than 100% on July 2. Further analysis showed that SeNPs significantly increased the levels of selenate, SeCys, MeSeCys, and SeMet in the testis. In vitro experiments further revealed that MeSeCys was the most effective selenium species in maintaining sperm motility, stabilizing ROS levels, and improving fertilization capacity. Overall, these findings indicate that heat stress is a key factor leading to reduced reproductive performance in O. macrolepis, whereas SeNPs mitigate reproductive damage by reducing oxidative stress, with MeSeCys likely serving as a key bioactive selenium species.

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