无细胞RNA在液体活检中的应用
Application of cell-free RNA in liquid biopsy.
摘要(中文译文)
基于游离RNA（cfRNA）的液体活检正推动无创诊断向前发展，使该领域从聚焦基因组学的静态视角转向以功能性转录组学为核心的更具动态性的空间。循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）主要揭示遗传改变，而cfRNA通过捕获实时发生的基因表达以及剪接变化、非编码调控和转录后修饰，提供了独特的信息维度，从而对疾病生物学形成更具功能性和全面性的认识。本综述系统考察了cfRNA的分子特征、当代分析技术及其临床应用，涵盖癌症早期检测、分子分型和妊娠并发症预测。同时探讨了片段组学、表观转录组学和微生物来源cfRNA等新兴维度。本文还讨论了当前在标准化、灵敏度和临床验证方面所面临的挑战。随着多组学整合和人工智能的进步，cfRNA具有巨大潜力，有望从辅助性生物标志物发展为疾病早期检测、纵向监测和个性化治疗的核心技术。本综述旨在勾勒该领域的现状，识别关键障碍，并展望cfRNA实现常规临床应用的路径。
Abstract
Cell free RNA (cfRNA) based liquid biopsy is pushing noninvasive diagnostics forward, moving the field from a static view focused on genomics into a more dynamic space centered on functional transcriptomics. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) mainly tells us about genetic alterations, but cfRNA provides a distinct informational dimension by capturing gene expression as it happens, along with splicing changes, non-coding regulation, and post-transcriptional modifications. This yields a more functional and comprehensive picture of disease biology. This review systematically examines the molecular features of cfRNA, contemporary analytical technologies, and clinical applications spanning early cancer detection, molecular subtyping, and prediction of pregnancy complications. Emerging dimensions including fragmentomics, epitranscriptomics, and microbial-derived cfRNA are also examined. Current challenges around standardization, sensitivity, and clinical validation are addressed. With advances in multi-omics integration and artificial intelligence, cfRNA has substantial potential to evolve from a supplementary biomarker into a core technology for early disease detection, longitudinal monitoring, and personalized treatment. The goal of this review is to delineate the current state of the field, identify key obstacles, and outline pathways through which cfRNA may achieve routine clinical implementation.
如何引用
AMA
Xiaonan Zhao, Xilin Gu, Baozhou Xing, Zhen Wang, Hairong Chu, Hong Li, et al. Application of cell-free RNA in liquid biopsy.. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 2026; doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105489.
APA
Xiaonan Zhao, Xilin Gu, Baozhou Xing, Zhen Wang, Hairong Chu, Hong Li, et al (2026). Application of cell-free RNA in liquid biopsy.. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105489
GB/T 7714
Xiaonan Zhao, Xilin Gu, Baozhou Xing, Zhen Wang, Hairong Chu, Hong Li, et al. Application of cell-free RNA in liquid biopsy.[J]. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology, 2026 doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105489.
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