研究血管衰老的实验模型系统

摘要(中文译文)

血管衰老导致全身性功能障碍，是许多年龄相关疾病的基础，其驱动因素为多种细胞类型的结构和功能改变，包括内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、周细胞和心肌细胞。本综述重点介绍了有助于机制研究和新型治疗策略开发的血管衰老实验模型，涵盖体外和体内方法学。本综述讨论了利用原代细胞和诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）来源培养物的体外模型，涉及二维（2D）和三维（3D）系统，如球体、类器官和芯片血管平台，这些模型能够对衰老相关过程进行更接近生理状态的研究。此外，本文还综述了目前使用的体内模型，包括基因工程小鼠和模拟人类血管衰老的疾病模型，以及先进的检测指标，包括血流介导的舒张（FMD）和脉搏波传导速度（PWV）。最后，本文概述了血管衰老建模相关的最主要障碍和不足，强调需要持续改进以推动治疗创新。

Abstract

Vascular aging contributes to systemic dysfunction and underlies many age-related diseases, driven by structural and functional changes across various cell types, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and cardiomyocytes. This review highlights experimental models that facilitate mechanistic insights and the development of novel therapeutic approaches for vascular aging, emphasizing both in vitro and in vivo methodologies. This review discusses in vitro models utilizing primary and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cultures across two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) systems, such as spheroids, organoids, and vessel-on-chip platforms, which allow for a more physiological investigation of aging-associated processes. Moreover, currently used in vivo models, including genetically engineered mice, and disease models mimicking human vascular aging, as well as state-of-the-art readouts, including flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), are also reviewed. Lastly, an overview of the most prominent hurdles and shortcomings associated with modeling vascular aging is provided, underscoring the need for continued refinement to drive therapeutic innovation.

如何引用

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