面向UTXO区块链的带外包见证更新的轻量级无状态交易验证
Lightweight stateless transaction verification with outsourced witness updates for UTXO blockchains.
摘要(中文译文)
交易验证对区块链安全至关重要。随着区块链数据持续增长，资源受限节点可能被迫作为非全节点运行，这削弱了独立验证能力并可能增加中心化风险。为解决该问题，无状态区块链技术被提出，其利用累加器将UTXO集组合为一个固定大小的承诺。然而，这些方案存在两个关键局限：（i）由于缺少scriptSig而无法支持脚本验证；（ii）缺乏外包机制以确保任务执行者为刚从故障中恢复的节点可靠地提供适当的见证。我们提出LSTVS，一种面向基于UTXO区块链的轻量级无状态交易验证架构，该架构在基于RSA累加器的无状态验证基础上扩展了基于脚本的授权验证、缓存辅助的过期证明容忍以及外包见证更新。首先，我们将与交易相关的UTXO字段纳入成员见证以实现数字签名验证。其次，我们重构交易数据格式以防止交易引用字段的指数增长。最后，我们引入外包机制以提高交易验证速率，同时最小化计算资源消耗。实验结果表明，所提出的架构支持基于UTXO无状态验证的核心验证维度，包括存在性验证、未花费状态验证和基于脚本的授权验证，同时避免了依赖UTXO规模的证明增长，并引入了依赖输入的瞬态见证开销。与现有的基于RSA累加器的最先进方案相比，LSTVS提高了交易验证速率并降低了间歇在线节点的本地见证更新开销。
Abstract
Transaction verification is essential to blockchain security. As blockchain data continue to grow, resource limited nodes may be forced to operate as non-full nodes, which weakens independent verification and may increase centralization risk. To address this issue, the stateless blockchain technology has been proposed, which uses the accumulators to combine the UTXO set into one fixed-size commitment. However, they suffer from two critical limitations: (i) the inability to support script validation duo to the lack of scriptSig, and (ii) the absence of an outsourcing mechanism to ensure that task executors reliably provide the appropriate witness for the nodes just recovered from failures. We propose LSTVS, a lightweight stateless transaction verification architecture for UTXO based blockchains, which extends RSA accumulator based stateless verification with script-based authorization verification, cache assisted stale proof tolerance, and outsourced witness updates. First, we incorporate UTXO fields associated with transactions into the membership witness to enable digital signature verification. Second, we reconstruct the transaction data format to prevent the exponential growth of transaction reference fields. Finally, we introduce an outsourcing mechanism to improve the transaction verification rate while minimizing computational resource consumption. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture supports the core validation dimensions of UTXO based stateless verification, including existence verification, unspent status verification, and script-based authorization verification, while avoiding UTXO scale dependent proof growth and introducing input dependent transient witness overhead. Compared with existing state of the art RSA accumulator-based schemes, LSTVS improves the transaction verification rate and reduces the local witness update overhead for intermittently online nodes.
如何引用
AMA
Zhenliang Liu, Xing Fan, Jingrun Yang, Baoning Niu, Huan Xing. Lightweight stateless transaction verification with outsourced witness updates for UTXO blockchains.. Scientific reports. 2026; doi:10.1038/s41598-026-60279-2.
APA
Zhenliang Liu, Xing Fan, Jingrun Yang, Baoning Niu, Huan Xing (2026). Lightweight stateless transaction verification with outsourced witness updates for UTXO blockchains.. Scientific reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-60279-2
GB/T 7714
Zhenliang Liu, Xing Fan, Jingrun Yang, Baoning Niu, Huan Xing. Lightweight stateless transaction verification with outsourced witness updates for UTXO blockchains.[J]. Scientific reports, 2026 doi:10.1038/s41598-026-60279-2.
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