[不同运动方式对中老年人工作记忆功能影响的研究进展与展望]

摘要(中文译文)

本文综述了不同运动方式对中老年人工作记忆功能影响的综合分析。系统梳理了包括有氧运动、抗阻训练和传统身心运动在内的干预措施的证据，考察其急性效应与长期作用机制。研究结果表明，有氧运动通过改善脑血流、促进神经可塑性以及上调脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平来增强工作记忆。抗阻训练激活神经适应性重塑机制并优化脑血流动力学，从而强化执行控制。传统身心运动通过重构功能性神经网络和调节应激-炎症轴来提高认知控制网络的效率。联合运动方案整合了有氧运动与抗阻训练的协同效应，可进一步改善工作记忆表现。机制研究表明，运动干预通过多条通路优化神经网络功能，包括BDNF介导的突触可塑性增强、多巴胺能/去甲肾上腺素能系统的协调调节以及脑血流和血管反应性的改善。基于生理和认知基线特征的动态个体化运动处方设计可能最大化认知健康获益。未来研究应整合多模态神经影像技术以阐明运动干预的神经机制，并开发人工智能驱动的个性化处方系统。在政策层面，整合体育与医疗服务以及推动运动干预在共病人群中的大规模应用，对于应对人口老龄化相关的公共卫生挑战至关重要。

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of different exercise modalities on working memory function in middle-aged and older adults. It systematically reviews evidence from interventions including aerobic exercise, resistance training, and traditional mind-body exercises, examining their acute effects and long-term mechanisms of action. The findings indicate that aerobic exercise enhances working memory by improving cerebral blood flow, promoting neuroplasticity, and upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Resistance training activates neuroadaptive remodeling mechanisms and optimizes cerebral hemodynamics, thereby strengthening executive control. Traditional mind-body exercises improve the efficiency of cognitive control networks by restructuring functional neural networks and modulating the stress-inflammation axis. Combined exercise regimens, which integrate the synergistic effects of aerobic and resistance training, can further improve working memory performance. Mechanistic studies indicate that exercise interventions optimize neural network function through multiple pathways, including BDNF-mediated synaptic plasticity enhancement, coordinated regulation of the dopaminergic/noradrenergic systems, and improvements in cerebral blood flow and vascular reactivity. A dynamic individualized prescription design based on physiological and cognitive baseline characteristics may maximize cognitive health benefits. Future research should integrate multimodal neuroimaging technologies to clarify the neural mechanisms underlying exercise interventions and develop artificial intelligence-driven personalized prescription systems. At the policy level, integrating sports and medical services and promoting the large-scale application of exercise interventions in populations with multimorbidity are critical to addressing the public health challenges associated with population aging.

如何引用

Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica] 的其他文献

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