数字化可扩展的激光制造技术用于制备具有优异性能和机械柔性的可重复使用碲化铋热电材料

摘要(中文译文)

热电材料（TEs）能够将废热转化为电能，同时实现按需加热与制冷。这些特性使热电材料在满足可穿戴设备与物联网（IoT）的多样化需求方面尤为具有吸引力。然而，当前热电材料在形态因子和可扩展性方面存在局限。为解决这些限制，本工作展示了一种可扩展、柔性且具有潜在可重复使用性的热电平台，该平台通过激光粉末床熔融（LPBF）技术制备，采用优化的n型BiTe和p型BiSbTe材料。这些激光打印材料表现出超过1200 μW m K的高功率因子，使热电优值（）大于0.2。当集成到柔性平面器件中时，在温差Δ = 40 K、占地面积8.3 cm的条件下，输出功率可达70 μW。该器件在弯曲半径小至7.5 mm时仍保持电学功能，并经受住超过500次弯曲循环。该器件以耐久性和可回收性为设计目标，因极端弯曲而损坏的器件可通过热压部分修复。此外，器件可轻松拆解为半器件模块，从而实现打印材料的简便分离和潜在回收。通过“主动散热鳍片”实现方式展示了器件的多功能性，该方式能够在曲面上实现高效的贯穿平面热收集。该配置可在环境条件下从实际供暖系统的热水管道中收集高达27 μW的能量。此外，还实现了快速且可逆的珀尔帖驱动制冷（数秒内低于室温约3 °C）。本工作凸显了数字化制造的多功能柔性热电材料在下一代物联网节点和可穿戴电子设备的能量收集与热管理方面的潜力。

Abstract

Thermoelectrics (TEs) convert waste heat into electrical power while enabling on-demand heating and cooling. Those attributes make TEs particularly appealing to satisfy the heterogeneous needs of wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, current TEs are limited in terms of form factor and scalability. To address these limitations, this work demonstrates a scalable, flexible, and potentially reusable thermoelectric platform produced via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of optimized n-type BiTe and p-type BiSbTe materials. These laser-printed materials exhibited high power factors exceeding 1200 μW m K, resulting in a figure of merit () greater than 0.2. When integrated into flexible planar devices, an output power of up to 70 μW was achieved at Δ = 40 K for a footprint area of 8.3 cm. The devices maintained electrical functionality under bending radii as small as 7.5 mm and withstood over 500 bending cycles. Designed for durability and recyclability, devices damaged by extreme bending could be partially reconditioned via hot pressing. Furthermore, the devices were easily disassembled into half-device modules, enabling straightforward separation and potential recovery of the printed materials. The versatility of the devices was demonstrated through the "active cooling fins" implementation, allowing efficient through-plane thermal harvesting on curved surfaces. This configuration could harvest up to 27 μW from the hot water pipe of a real heating system in ambient conditions. Additionally, rapid and reversible Peltier-driven cooling (~3 °C below room temperature within a few seconds) was achieved. This work highlights the potential of digitally manufactured, multifunctional flexible TEs for next-generation energy harvesting and thermal management in IoT nodes and wearable electronics.

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