孕早期超声：指南的比较综述
First-Trimester Ultrasound: A Comparative Review of Guidelines.
摘要(中文译文)
早孕期超声检查仍然是产前保健的基本组成部分，为母亲和胎儿的健康状况提供关键信息，并有助于实现最佳的围产期结局。本研究旨在回顾并比较最新发表的早孕期超声相关指南。因此，本文对美国超声医学研究所（AIUM）、澳大利亚超声医学学会（ASUM）、德国科学医学协会联合会（AWMF）、国际妇产科超声学会（ISUOG）、加拿大妇产科医师学会（SOGC）和世界围产医学协会（WAPM）关于早孕期超声扫描的指南进行了描述性综述。各指南在应评估的主要参数、检查者的资质和超声仪器的规格以及知情同意的重要性方面存在共识。此外，本文还讨论了仔细显示胎儿解剖结构的重要性，但在所采用的适当方案方面存在细微差异。所有被综述的医学学会均鼓励采用早孕期联合检查，但仅少数指南涉及无细胞DNA检测，且适应证相似。关于早孕期超声扫描的适应证和适当的孕龄，以及如何正确确定孕龄，仍存在争议。值得注意的是，仅有少数医学学会提出了关于胎儿生长受限（FGR）和诊断性侵入性操作的建议，其中AWMF和SOGC涉及FGR的筛查。此外，AIUM、AWMF和SOGC讨论了侵入性诊断性检测，但在进行此类操作的适应证方面存在差异。早孕期超声检查对于评估胎儿存活、确定准确的孕龄、评估胎儿和母体解剖结构以及计算各种胎儿和母体疾病的风险至关重要。实施基于证据的统一方案将促进母体和胎儿结局的改善。
Abstract
First-trimester sonographic examination remains a fundamental part of antenatal care, providing crucial information for the well-being of both the mother and fetus and leading to the best possible perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to review and compare the most recently published guidelines on first-trimester ultrasound. Therefore, a descriptive review of guidelines from the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM), the Australasian Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM), the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF), the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG), the Society of Obstetrician and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC) and the World Association of Perinatal Medicine (WAPM) regarding first-trimester scans was conducted. There is a consensus regarding the main parameters that should be evaluated, the qualifications of the examiner and specifications of the ultrasound machine, as well as the importance of informed consent. Additionally, the importance of careful visualization of fetal anatomy is discussed, with minor discrepancies regarding the appropriate protocol used. The use of combined first-trimester examination is encouraged by all the reviewed medical societies, although cell-free DNA testing is addressed only by a few, with similar indications. Controversy exists regarding the indications and appropriate gestational age at which the first-trimester scan should be performed, as well as the proper establishment of pregnancy dating. Notably, recommendations regarding fetal growth restriction (FGR) and diagnostic invasive procedures are made only by few medical societies, with the AWMF and SOGC addressing screening for FGR. Furthermore, invasive diagnostic testing is discussed by the AIUM, AWMF and SOGC, with differentiations among them regarding the indications for pursuing such procedures. First-trimester sonographic examination is essential for assessing fetal viability, establishing accurate pregnancy dating, evaluating fetal and maternal anatomy and calculating the risk of various fetal and maternal conditions. The implementation of evidence-based, unified protocols would advance both maternal and fetal outcomes.
如何引用
AMA
Eirini Boureka, Ioannis Tsakiridis, Georgios Michos, Anastasios Liberis, Sonia Giouleka, Apostolos Mamopoulos, et al. First-Trimester Ultrasound: A Comparative Review of Guidelines.. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2026; doi:10.3390/diagnostics16111695.
APA
Eirini Boureka, Ioannis Tsakiridis, Georgios Michos, Anastasios Liberis, Sonia Giouleka, Apostolos Mamopoulos, et al (2026). First-Trimester Ultrasound: A Comparative Review of Guidelines.. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16111695
GB/T 7714
Eirini Boureka, Ioannis Tsakiridis, Georgios Michos, Anastasios Liberis, Sonia Giouleka, Apostolos Mamopoulos, et al. First-Trimester Ultrasound: A Comparative Review of Guidelines.[J]. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026 doi:10.3390/diagnostics16111695.
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