基于SDR的信道化K/V波段Dicke微波辐射计的研制
Development of Channelized K/V Band Dicke Microwave Radiometer Based on SDR.
摘要(中文译文)
随着软件定义无线电（SDR）技术的快速发展，为微波辐射计提供了一种数字化、软件可重构且灵活的解决方案，特别适用于宽频带、多通道需求的大气水汽和氧气探测，显著提高了系统效率。同时，数字化有助于改善通道一致性并解决非线性问题，而通过自适应积分实现的数字零平衡机制更适合数字平台。本文提出了一种基于SDR平台的数字Dicke型辐射计系统，采用Xilinx RFSoC XCZU47DR（AMD，美国加利福尼亚州圣何塞）作为核心硬件，实现射频信号采样、数字本振生成和信号处理的单芯片集成。该系统在FPGA上利用多相滤波器组实现了46通道信道化接收机（K波段和V波段各23通道）。原型滤波器实现了70 dB阻带衰减和0.5 dB通带纹波，每个多相分支仅需25个系数，显著降低了硬件资源消耗。提出了一种自适应积分方法，其中自适应开关控制器通过计算相邻积分周期之间的功率差来动态调整热源注入时间比，使Dicke零平衡机制完全在数字域中运行。此外，针对三个信号支路（天线、热源和匹配负载）建立了完整的硬件传输模型，并利用液氮冷源对所有46个通道进行了全链路定标，通过黑体测量验证了定标的可靠性。实验结果表明，亮温一致性优于0.7 K，在1 s积分时间下，K波段灵敏度优于0.15 K，V波段灵敏度优于0.21 K。
Abstract
With the rapid development of software-defined radio (SDR) technology, a digital, software-reconfigurable, and flexible solution is provided for microwave radiometers, particularly suitable for atmospheric water vapor and oxygen detection with wideband, multi-channel requirements, significantly improving system efficiency. Meanwhile, digitization helps improve channel consistency and address nonlinearity issues, while the digital zero-balancing mechanism implemented through adaptive integration is more suitable for digital platforms. This paper proposes a digital Dicke-type radiometer system based on an SDR platform, using Xilinx RFSoC XCZU47DR (AMD, San Jose, CA, USA) as the core hardware to achieve single-chip integration of RF signal sampling, digital local oscillator generation, and signal processing. The system implements a 46-channel channelized receiver (23 channels each for K-band and V-band) on an FPGA using a polyphase filter bank. The prototype filters achieve 70 dB stopband attenuation and 0.5 dB passband ripple, with each polyphase branch requiring only 25 coefficients, significantly reducing hardware resource consumption. An adaptive integration method is proposed, where an adaptive switch controller dynamically adjusts the hot source injection time ratio by calculating the power difference between adjacent integration periods, enabling the Dicke zero-balancing mechanism to operate entirely in the digital domain. Furthermore, a complete hardware transfer model is established for three signal branches (antenna, hot source, and matched load), and full-chain calibration of all 46 channels is performed using a liquid nitrogen cold source, with calibration reliability verified through blackbody measurements. Experimental results demonstrate brightness temperature consistency better than 0.7 K, with a sensitivity of less than 0.15 K for the K-band and less than 0.21 K for the V-band at 1 s integration time.
如何引用
AMA
Zhenzhen Liang, Wei Guo, Caiyun Wang, Peng Liu, Shijie Yang. Development of Channelized K/V Band Dicke Microwave Radiometer Based on SDR.. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). 2026; doi:10.3390/s26103059.
APA
Zhenzhen Liang, Wei Guo, Caiyun Wang, Peng Liu, Shijie Yang (2026). Development of Channelized K/V Band Dicke Microwave Radiometer Based on SDR.. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/s26103059
GB/T 7714
Zhenzhen Liang, Wei Guo, Caiyun Wang, Peng Liu, Shijie Yang. Development of Channelized K/V Band Dicke Microwave Radiometer Based on SDR.[J]. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026 doi:10.3390/s26103059.
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