可穿戴中暑预警系统（HeatGuard）的开发：铁人三项运动员的设计、验证和受控环境测试
Development of Wearable Heatstroke Warning System (HeatGuard): Design, Validation and Controlled-Environment Testing Among Triathletes.
摘要(中文译文)
全球变暖与热浪加剧使耐力运动员和户外工作者发生劳力性热病（尤其是热射病）的风险升高。本研究开发并验证了一套可穿戴热射病预警系统，该系统将生理与环境监测与实时网络仪表盘相结合。腕部和指部佩戴的原型设备包括一个ESP32微控制器以及心率（MAX30101）、皮肤温度（MAX30205）、环境温湿度（SHT31）和皮肤电反应（Grove-GSR v1.2）传感器，并具备双声光警报和WiFi传输功能。15名铁人三项运动员（18-39岁）在气候舱内完成了30分钟骑行：0-15分钟在24 ± 1 °C、70 ± 10%相对湿度条件下，16-30分钟在27 ± 1 °C、90 ± 10%相对湿度条件下，运动负荷从40%HRmax开始，每10分钟增加10%。每30秒记录一次心率、估算核心体温、环境温度、相对湿度和GSR，并使用Spearman相关（α = 0.01）和Wilcoxon符号秩检验（p < 0.05）与标准设备进行比较。心率、皮肤温度（采用线性模型计算核心体温）、环境温度和湿度传感器显示出中等至非常好的效度（r = 0.692、0.995、0.994、0.952），而GSR效度较低（r = 0.298）。心率、皮肤温度和湿度无显著差异（p > 0.05），但体温（p = 0.003）和GSR（p < 0.001）存在差异。该系统在实时热射病风险监测方面显示出良好的效度前景，但皮肤温度和GSR传感仍需进一步改进。
Abstract
Global warming and increasing heatwaves elevate the risk of exertional heat illnesses, particularly heatstroke, in endurance athletes and outdoor workers. This study developed and validated a wearable heatstroke warning system integrating physiological and environmental monitoring with a real-time web dashboard. The wrist- and finger-worn prototype comprised an ESP32 microcontroller and heart rate (MAX30101), skin temperature (MAX30205), ambient temperature and humidity (SHT31), and galvanic skin response (Grove-GSR v1.2) sensors with dual acoustic-visual alerts and WiFi transmission. Fifteen triathletes (18-39 years) completed 30 min of cycling in a climatic chamber: 0-15 min at 24 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH, and 16-30 min at 27 ± 1 °C, 90 ± 10% RH, with the workload rising from 40%HRmax by 10% every 10 min. Heart rate, estimated core temperature, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and GSR were recorded every 30 s and compared with standard devices using Spearman correlation ( = 0.01) and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests ( < 0.05). Heart rate, skin temperature (used a linear model to calculate core body temperature), ambient temperature, and humidity sensors showed fair-very good validity (r = 0.692, 0.995, 0.994, 0.952), while GSR was low (r = 0.298). No significant differences were observed for heart rate, skin temperature, and humidity ( > 0.05), but body temperature ( = 0.003) and GSR ( < 0.001) differed. The system showed promising validity for real-time heatstroke risk monitoring, with further refinement needed for skin temperature and GSR sensing.
如何引用
AMA
Kanchana Silawarawet, Chutipon Trirattananurak, Jirawat Muksuwan, Surasak Sangdao, Darawadee Panich, Sairag Saadprai. Development of Wearable Heatstroke Warning System (HeatGuard): Design, Validation and Controlled-Environment Testing Among Triathletes.. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). 2026; doi:10.3390/s26082556.
APA
Kanchana Silawarawet, Chutipon Trirattananurak, Jirawat Muksuwan, Surasak Sangdao, Darawadee Panich, Sairag Saadprai (2026). Development of Wearable Heatstroke Warning System (HeatGuard): Design, Validation and Controlled-Environment Testing Among Triathletes.. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/s26082556
GB/T 7714
Kanchana Silawarawet, Chutipon Trirattananurak, Jirawat Muksuwan, Surasak Sangdao, Darawadee Panich, Sairag Saadprai. Development of Wearable Heatstroke Warning System (HeatGuard): Design, Validation and Controlled-Environment Testing Among Triathletes.[J]. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026 doi:10.3390/s26082556.
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