使用定制设计的深共晶溶剂从芜菁中提取生物碱的环境友好和可持续性优化
Environmentally benign and sustainability-optimized extraction of alkaloids from Tetradium ruticarpum using custom-designed deep eutectic solvents.
摘要(中文译文)
本研究首次开发了一种绿色高效的疏水性低共熔溶剂基超声辅助提取法，用于从吴茱萸中提取生物碱，从而有效克服了传统溶剂和传统提取技术相关的局限性。共合成了35种不同的低共熔溶剂，并通过¹H NMR和FT-IR光谱分析确认了其成功形成。其中，疏水性低共熔溶剂DES-21（薄荷醇-甲酸，Mol-FA）表现出优异的提取效率，能够一步同时提取7种生物碱类生物活性化合物，显著优于水、甲醇和乙酸乙酯等传统溶剂。采用响应面法对提取工艺及相关参数进行了系统研究和优化，包括薄荷醇与甲酸的摩尔比、超声功率、提取温度、提取时间和液固比。确定最优条件为：超声功率300 W、提取温度30 °C、提取时间39.7 min、液固比19.7 mL/g、摩尔比1:2（Mol:FA），此时总生物碱最大提取率为70.56 mg/g。通过SEM、FT-IR和密度泛函理论计算等互补分析技术对提取机理进行了系统研究。值得注意的是，DFT计算和非共价相互作用分析表明，提取效率的提高归因于DES-21-EVOD复合物的放能稳定性，以及DES-21所提供的氢键供体和受体可利用性的增加。总之，所提出的疏水性低共熔溶剂基超声辅助提取法具有简便性和环境友好性，为从传统中药中提取生物活性生物碱化合物提供了一种高效且可持续的方法。
Abstract
This study presents, for the first time, the development of a green and efficient hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (HDEs-UAE) method for the extraction of alkaloids from Tetradium ruticarpum, thereby effectively overcoming the limitations associated with conventional solvents and traditional extraction techniques. A total of 35 distinct DESs were synthesized, and their successful formation was confirmed through ¹H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses. Among them, the hydrophobic DES-21 (Menthol-Formic acid, Mol-FA) exhibited superior extraction efficiency and enabled the simultaneous extraction of seven alkaloid-based bioactive compounds in a single step, significantly outperforming conventional solvents such as water, methanol, and ethyl acetate. The extraction process and associated parameters, including the molar ratio of Mol:FA, ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, extraction time, and liquid-to-solid ratio, were systematically investigated and optimized using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were established as an ultrasonic power of 300 W, an extraction temperature of 30 °C, an extraction time of 39.7 min, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 19.7 mL/g, and a molar ratio of 1:2 (Mol:FA), achieving a maximum total alkaloid extraction yield of 70.56 mg/g. The extraction mechanism was systematically investigated through complementary analytical techniques, including SEM, FT-IR, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, DFT calculations and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analyses reveal that the enhanced extraction efficiency is attributable to the exergonic stability of the DES-21-EVOD complex, along with the increased availability of hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors provided by DES-21. In conclusion, the proposed HDESs-UAE method, characterized by its simplicity and environmental benignity, offers a highly efficient and sustainable approach for the extraction of bioactive alkaloid compounds from traditional Chinese medicine.
如何引用
AMA
Qifang He, Yun Kuang, Yixuanzi Hu, Qiyang Ruan, Yule Zou, Dong Peng, et al. Environmentally benign and sustainability-optimized extraction of alkaloids from Tetradium ruticarpum using custom-designed deep eutectic solvents.. Journal of chromatography. A. 2026; doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467098.
APA
Qifang He, Yun Kuang, Yixuanzi Hu, Qiyang Ruan, Yule Zou, Dong Peng, et al (2026). Environmentally benign and sustainability-optimized extraction of alkaloids from Tetradium ruticarpum using custom-designed deep eutectic solvents.. Journal of chromatography. A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467098
GB/T 7714
Qifang He, Yun Kuang, Yixuanzi Hu, Qiyang Ruan, Yule Zou, Dong Peng, et al. Environmentally benign and sustainability-optimized extraction of alkaloids from Tetradium ruticarpum using custom-designed deep eutectic solvents.[J]. Journal of chromatography. A, 2026 doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467098.
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