中国中老年人的主要饮食模式特征及其与肥胖相关代谢表型的关系：一项全国性横断面研究的结果
Predominant Dietary Pattern Characteristics and Their Association with Obesity-Related Metabolic Phenotypes in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Findings from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.
摘要(中文译文)
目的：识别45岁及以上成年人中的主要膳食模式，并探讨其与代谢健康-肥胖表型的关联。方法：我们分析了来自2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测的32,091名45岁及以上成年人。膳食评估采用连续三次24小时膳食回顾法，并通过家庭调味品称重来提高对烹调油和盐摄入量的估计。采用主成分分析提取膳食模式，并按四分位数分组。使用多项logistic回归模型，调整能量摄入及关键社会人口学和生活方式因素，以估计代谢不健康非肥胖（MUNO）、代谢健康肥胖（MHO）和代谢不健康肥胖（MUO）相对于代谢健康非肥胖（MHNO）的比值比。结果：识别出四种具有地理差异的膳食模式：（1）米饭-蔬菜-猪肉模式；（2）水果-鸡蛋-奶类模式；（3）红肉-内脏-零食模式；（4）大豆-薯类-谷物模式。与Q1相比，模式1的Q4与较低的MHO（OR = 0.42，95% CI：0.38-0.46）和MUO（OR = 0.40，95% CI：0.36-0.44）比值比相关。模式2和模式3与较高的MHO（Q4 vs. Q1：OR = 1.42和1.21）和MUO（OR = 1.36和1.14，均P < 0.001）比值比相关。模式4与MHO呈负相关（OR = 0.85，95% CI：0.79-0.92），但与MUNO呈正相关（OR = 1.16，95% CI：1.08-1.24）。结论：米饭-蔬菜-猪肉模式与更有利的肥胖相关代谢表型相关，而能量密集的动物性膳食模式与较高的肥胖表型比值比相关；大豆-薯类-谷物模式则表现出混合关联。
Abstract
To identify major dietary patterns among adults aged ≥45 years and examine their associations with metabolic health-obesity phenotypes. We analyzed 32,091 adults aged ≥45 years from the 2015 China Adults National Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance. Diet was assessed using three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls, with household condiment weighing used to improve estimation of cooking oil and salt intake. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis and categorized into quartiles. Multinomial logistic regression adjusted for energy intake and key sociodemographic/lifestyle factors to estimate odds of metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUNO), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) versus metabolically healthy non-obesity (MHNO). Four patterns with geographic variation were identified: (1) the Rice-Vegetable-Pork pattern; (2) the Fruit-Egg-Dairy pattern; (3) the Red Meat-Offal-Snack pattern; and (4) the Soybeans-Tubers-Grains pattern. Compared with Q1, Q4 of Pattern 1 was associated with lower odds of MHO ( = 0.42, 95% : 0.38-0.46) and MUO ( = 0.40, 95% : 0.36-0.44). Pattern 2 and Pattern 3 were associated with higher odds of MHO (Q4 vs. Q1: = 1.42 and 1.21) and MUO ( = 1.36 and 1.14, all < 0.001). Pattern 4 was inversely associated with MHO ( = 0.85, 95% : 0.79-0.92) but positively associated with MUNO ( = 1.16, 95% : 1.08-1.24). The Rice-Vegetable-Pork pattern was associated with more favorable obesity-related metabolic phenotypes, whereas energy-dense, animal-derived patterns were associated with higher odds of obesity phenotypes; the Soybeans-Tubers-Grains pattern showed mixed associations.
如何引用
AMA
Wenjing Yan, Weihua Dong, Xiaona Zhang, Qingqing Man, Rongzhen Li, Yun Luo, et al. Predominant Dietary Pattern Characteristics and Their Association with Obesity-Related Metabolic Phenotypes in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Findings from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.. Nutrients. 2026; doi:10.3390/nu18081245.
APA
Wenjing Yan, Weihua Dong, Xiaona Zhang, Qingqing Man, Rongzhen Li, Yun Luo, et al (2026). Predominant Dietary Pattern Characteristics and Their Association with Obesity-Related Metabolic Phenotypes in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Findings from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18081245
GB/T 7714
Wenjing Yan, Weihua Dong, Xiaona Zhang, Qingqing Man, Rongzhen Li, Yun Luo, et al. Predominant Dietary Pattern Characteristics and Their Association with Obesity-Related Metabolic Phenotypes in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Findings from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.[J]. Nutrients, 2026 doi:10.3390/nu18081245.
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