网络疑病症和复杂性：数字时代焦虑和信息不稳定的系统级探索

摘要(中文译文)

网络疑病症，定义为过度或强迫性在线搜索与健康相关的信息，已成为健康焦虑、数字行为和认知脆弱性交叉点的典型病症。在临床环境中越来越多地观察到，它反映了一种管理不确定性和身体症状的不适应策略，而数字环境中的算法驱动内容、情感显著性和信息过载加剧了这种不适应策略。网络疑病症可能对医疗结果产生重要影响，包括不适当的医疗保健利用、对医疗建议的依从性降低、医患关系中断以及生活质量受损，尤其是在管理慢性或复发性健康状况的个人中。本文提出了一个结合临床心理学、认知科学和复杂性理论的综合框架来理解网络疑病。我们认为，网络软骨症不应仅仅被视为一种个体病理学，而应被视为动态系统的一种新兴特性，该动态系统因递归反馈循环、认知不稳定性和算法偏差而不稳定。根据对健康焦虑、在线行为、元认知和精神障碍系统模型的研究，对实证和理论文献进行了叙事综合。来源选自PubMed、Scopus和精神病学、认知科学和数字伦理学的跨学科出版物。网络疑病症始终与对不确定性的不容忍、寻求安慰和功能失调的元认知信念有关。它的持久性是由认知扭曲和数字健康信息的结构所维持的，数字健康信息优先考虑情感上突出或耸人听闻的内容，而不是临床可靠性。这种现象可以用心理熵、非线性放大和信息压力下的认知退相干等概念进行理论建模。对网络疑病症的有效应对必须在多个层面上进行：心理层面（CBT和元认知策略）、教育层面（数字健康素养）、关系层面（医患联盟）和系统层面（数字平台的伦理设计）。整合基于复杂性的观点可能会为理解和减轻数字时代网络线粒体的不稳定影响提供新的途径。

Abstract

Cyberchondria, defined as excessive or compulsive online searching for health-related information, has emerged as a paradigmatic condition at the intersection of health anxiety, digital behavior, and cognitive vulnerability. Increasingly observed in clinical settings, it reflects a maladaptive strategy to manage uncertainty and bodily symptoms, exacerbated by algorithm-driven content, emotional salience, and informational overload in digital environments. Cyberchondria may have important implications for medical outcomes, including inappropriate healthcare utilization, reduced adherence to medical advice, disruption of the doctor-patient relationship, and impaired quality of life, especially in individuals managing chronic or recurrent health conditions. This article proposes an integrative framework for understanding cyberchondria that combines clinical psychology, cognitive science, and complexity theory. We argue that cyberchondria should not be viewed solely as an individual pathology, but as an emergent property of a dynamic system destabilized by recursive feedback loops, epistemic instability, and algorithmic bias. A narrative synthesis of empirical and theoretical literature was conducted, drawing from studies on health anxiety, online behavior, metacognition, and systemic models of mental disorders. Sources were selected from PubMed, Scopus, and interdisciplinary publications in psychiatry, cognitive science, and digital ethics. Cyberchondria is consistently associated with intolerance of uncertainty, reassurance-seeking, and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs. Its persistence is sustained by cognitive distortions and by the structure of digital health information, which prioritizes emotionally salient or sensational content over clinical reliability. The phenomenon can be theoretically modelled using concepts such as psychological entropy, nonlinear amplification, and cognitive decoherence under informational stress. Effective responses to cyberchondria must operate across multiple levels: psychological (CBT and metacognitive strategies), educational (digital health literacy), relational (doctor-patient alliance), and systemic (ethical design of digital platforms). Integrating complexity-based perspectives may offer new pathways for understanding and mitigating the destabilizing effects of cyberchondria in the digital age.

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