韩国人类、动物及水源中隐孢子虫感染的流行率

摘要(中文译文)

※ 中文译文由 AI 辅助生成,仅供学术参考,请以英文原文为准。

隐孢子虫是一种人畜共患原生动物寄生虫，是世界范围内重要的水传播病原体。在大韩民国，据报道，人类、牲畜、伴侣动物和水源中都有隐孢子虫感染，但现有的流行病学数据仍然有限，且各研究之间存在碎片化。本研究总结了韩国隐孢子虫的流行、种类分布和流行病学特征。1991年6月至2025年7月，从PubMed、Web of Science、Google Scholar和韩国引文索引中检索了相关出版物，并进行了荟萃分析，以估计宿主群体的合并患病率。总体合并患病率为7.1%（95%CI，4.6-11.0%），宿主组之间存在显著差异。在人类中，20世纪90年代农村地区的患病率相对较高，但在后来的研究中普遍下降。在牛中，患病率差异很大，而且仍然很高，特别是在幼崽中。在猪身上，早期的研究主要报道了微小猪笼草，而最近的分子研究发现了阴囊猪笼草和猪笼草。对山羊的有限研究报告了相对较高的患病率，而对鸡的数据仍然很少。在伴侣动物中，患病率通常为低至中等，犬C.和猫C.felis分别占主导地位。在环境水源中也检测到隐孢子虫卵囊，2012年首尔报告了由微小隐孢子虫引起的水传播疫情。总体而言，隐孢子虫仍然与韩国的兽医和公共卫生有关。需要继续监测和进一步的分子流行病学研究，以更好地了解传播模式和人畜共患风险。

Abstract

Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic protozoan parasite of humans and animals and an important waterborne pathogen worldwide. In the Republic of Korea, Cryptosporidium infection has been reported in humans, livestock, companion animals, and water sources, but the available epidemiological data remain limited and fragmented across studies. This study summarized the prevalence, species distribution, and epidemiological characteristics of Cryptosporidium in Korea. Relevant publications were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Korea Citation Index from June 1991 to July 2025, and a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled prevalence by host group. The overall pooled prevalence was 7.1% (95% CI, 4.6-11.0%), with significant differences among host groups. In humans, prevalence was relatively high in rural areas in the 1990s but generally decreased in later studies. In cattle, prevalence varied widely and remained substantial, particularly in young calves. In pigs, earlier studies mainly reported C. parvum, whereas recent molecular studies identified C. scrofarum and C. suis. Limited studies in goats reported relatively high prevalence, whereas data in chickens remained scarce. In companion animals, prevalence was generally low to moderate, with C. canis and C. felis predominating in dogs and cats, respectively. Cryptosporidium oocysts were also detected in environmental water sources, and a waterborne outbreak caused by C. parvum was reported in Seoul in 2012. Overall, Cryptosporidium remains relevant to both veterinary and public health in Korea. Continued surveillance and further molecular epidemiological studies are needed to better understand transmission patterns and zoonotic risk.

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