行为改变

摘要(中文译文)

改变行为是横跨健康、金融、投票和教育等诸多领域的核心挑战。本综述基于心理学及相关领域数十年的研究，综合高质量证据——尤其是具有客观行为结局的随机对照试验——以识别改变行为的有效策略。我们提出一个统一的三阶段框架，将行为改变概念化为一个涉及以下阶段的过程：（）建立动机，（）坚持执行，（）形成持久习惯。针对每个阶段，我们识别关键的心理挑战，并综述旨在克服这些挑战的干预措施。通过将大量且分散的文献组织在一个连贯的框架内，本综述旨在阐明行为改变干预措施何时以及为何成功，并为更有效、以行为科学为依据的政策与实践提供参考。

Abstract

Changing behavior is a central challenge in domains ranging from health and finance to voting and education. Drawing on decades of research from psychology and related fields, this review synthesizes high-quality evidence-particularly randomized controlled trials with objective behavioral outcomes-to identify effective strategies for changing behavior. We propose a unifying three-phase framework that conceptualizes behavior change as a process involving: () building motivation, () following through, and () forming durable habits. For each phase, we identify key psychological challenges and review interventions designed to overcome them. By organizing a large and fragmented literature within a coherent framework, this review aims to clarify when and why behavior change interventions succeed and to inform more effective, behaviorally informed policies and practices.

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