慢性高碳酸血症呼吸衰竭的无创通气

摘要(中文译文)

无创通气（NIV）是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、肥胖低通气综合征（OHS）和神经肌肉疾病（NMD）所致慢性高碳酸血症性呼吸衰竭的基石治疗。本文综述了通气泵衰竭的病理生理学、关键的无创通气模式特征（持续气道正压、双水平气道正压-S/ST、容量保证压力支持、自动呼气末正压）以及调控人机同步的进阶设置。文章对比了呼吸辅助设备与家用机械通气机，并将设备选择与疾病特异性需求相联系。

Abstract

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a cornerstone therapy for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure arising from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), and neuromuscular disease (NMD). This article reviews the pathophysiology of ventilatory pump failure, key NIV mode features (continuous positive airway pressure, bilevel positive airway pressure-S/ST, volume-assured pressure support, auto-expiratory positive airway pressure), and advanced settings that govern patient-ventilator synchrony. It contrasts respiratory assist devices with home mechanical ventilators and links device choice to disease-specific needs.

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