苯对沙特阿拉伯南部加油站工人血液及生化指标的毒理学影响

摘要(中文译文)

苯是一种广泛使用的工业溶剂，其对多器官系统的毒性作用已被公认。职业暴露，尤其是加油站工作人员的暴露，与血液学紊乱和脂质代谢改变相关。本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯南部阿西尔地区加油站工人苯暴露对血液学和生化标志物的影响。共纳入206名参与者，其中106名苯暴露工人根据暴露持续时间分为三个亚组：少于2年、2至4年、超过4年。另招募100名年龄和性别匹配的未暴露个体作为对照组。实验室评估包括全血细胞计数（CBC）、电解质、血糖（GLU）、血脂谱、磷酸盐（PO₄³⁻）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、钙离子（Ca²⁺）和镁离子（Mg²⁺）。苯暴露与红细胞计数及相关指标降低显著相关（p < 0.05），而血红蛋白（HGB）和血细胞比容（HCT）水平升高（p < 0.005）。血脂谱分析显示低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）和甘油三酯（TG）显著升高，同时高密度脂蛋白（HDL）明显降低（p ≤ 0.0001）。电解质分析显示紊乱，尤其是钾水平（p ≤ 0.0001）。此外，暴露组中PO₄³⁻、ALP和Mg²⁺水平显著升高（p ≤ 0.0001），提示对骨代谢可能存在不良影响。本研究表明，慢性职业性苯暴露与显著的血液学异常、血脂异常、电解质失衡以及骨相关生化标志物的改变相关。这些发现凸显了对加油站工人及其他类似职业环境中人员进行定期健康监测和实施防护措施的必要性。

Abstract

Benzene is a widely-used industrial solvent recognized for its toxic effects on multiple organ systems. Occupational exposure, particularly among gasoline station attendants, has been associated with hematological disturbances and alterations in lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of benzene exposure on hematological and biochemical markers among gasoline station workers in the Asir region of southern Saudi Arabia. A total of 206 participants were enrolled, comprising 106 benzene-exposed workers that were categorized into three subgroups based on duration of exposure: less than 2 years, 2 to 4 years, and more than 4 years. An additional 100 unexposed individuals, matched for age and gender, served as the control group. Laboratory assessments included CBC, electrolytes, GLU, lipid profile, PO₄³-, ALP, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺. Benzene exposure was significantly associated with a reduction in RBC count and related indices (p < 0.05), while HGB and HCT levels were elevated (p < 0.005). Lipid profile analysis revealed significant increases in LDL, VLDL, and TG, along with a marked decrease in HDL (p ≤ 0.0001). Electrolyte analysis showed disturbances, particularly in potassium levels (p ≤ 0.0001). Furthermore, significantly elevated levels of PO₄³-, ALP, and Mg²⁺ (p ≤ 0.0001) in the exposed group suggested potential negative effects on bone metabolism. This study demonstrates that chronic occupational exposure to benzene is associated with significant hematological abnormalities, dyslipidemia, electrolyte imbalances, and alterations in bone-related biochemical markers. These findings highlight the need for regular health monitoring and the implementation of protective measures for gasoline station workers and others in similar occupational environments.

如何引用