女子足球中潜在的头部受伤：可训练时刻的识别

摘要(中文译文)

目的：描述并分析女子欧洲国际赛事中不同参赛年龄组潜在头部损伤的发生机制，并探讨是否存在可预防类似事件再次发生的“可教练时刻”（coachable moment，定义为可通过教练指导加以改变的球员动作或行为）。方法：本混合方法视频分析研究回顾了2022年欧洲女子足球锦标赛（WEURO）、2024年欧洲女子U19锦标赛（WU19）和2024年欧洲女子U17锦标赛（WU17）转播比赛录像中的所有潜在头部损伤事件，并由11名不同编码人员（包括职业女子球员和教练）对10起潜在头部损伤事件进行深入独立分析，以识别可教练时刻。三项赛事共记录108起潜在头部损伤（WEURO n=55，52.08/1000比赛小时（MH）；WU19 n=29，57.31/1000 MH；WU17 n=24，45.45/1000 MH）。从位置看，中场球员（不含边前卫）发生的潜在头部损伤最多（n=32），其次为中后卫（n=26）。最常见的潜在损伤机制为对方球员撞击头部（n=74，35.41/1000 MH），其次为非故意球击头部（n=17，8.13/1000 MH）。全部10起事件均识别出可教练时刻，归纳为五个主题：身体位置、意识、沟通、技术和决策。可教练时刻的识别有助于深入了解可能导致女子足球潜在头部损伤风险升高的球员动作。这些数据可用于支持将以球员为中心的损伤预防方法嵌入教练体系。

Abstract

To describe and analyse mechanisms of potential head injuries across a range of playing age-groups during women's European international tournaments and explore whether there were any 'coachable moments' which might prevent a similar incident from being repeated in the future. (NB 'coachable moment' was defined as a player action or behaviour that could be modified through coaching (i.e. it is considered modifiable).) METHODS: This mixed-methods video analysis study reviewed all potential head injuries from the broadcasted match footage from the 2022 UEFA European Women's Football Championship (WEURO), 2024 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship (WU19), and 2024 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship (WU17), including an in-depth independent analysis of 10 potential head injury events by 11 different coders (including professional women players and coaches) to identify any coachable moments. Across the three tournaments, there were 108 potential head injuries (WEURO n = 55, 52.08/1000 match hours (MH); WU19 n = 29, 57.31/1000 MH; WU17 n = 24, 45.45/1000 MH). Positionally, midfielders (excluding wingers) sustained the most potential head injuries (n = 32), followed by centre-backs (n = 26). The most frequently observed mechanism of a potential injury was opponent player-to-head impact (n = 74, 35.41/1000 MH), followed by unintentional ball-to-head impacts (n = 17, 8.13/1000 MH). Coachable moments were identified in all 10 events categorised into five themes: body positioning, awareness, communication, technique, and decision-making. The identification of coachable moments provides insight into player actions that may contribute to a higher potential head injury risk in women's football. These data could be used to support a player-centric injury prevention approach being embedded into the coaching ecosystem.

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