种子相关木霉菌及其作为植物病害生物防治剂的潜力

摘要(中文译文)

木霉（Trichoderma）是一类有益真菌，广泛应用于农业病害抑制、植物生长促进和土壤健康改良。尽管一些研究表明木霉属物种可经种子传播，但频率较低，迄今为止尚无专门研究关注能够适应这一特定环境的木霉分离株的多样性。在为期两年多的常规种子健康分析中，我们从32种栽培植物的种子中分离出107株木霉，并采用多位点分析研究了该特定菌株库的多样性。这些分离株分布于18个不同物种中，但以深绿木霉（Trichoderma atroviride）最为常见。各物种的代表性菌株均具备寄生于猝倒病病原菌的能力，尽管寄生强度因菌株不同及靶标植物病原菌的不同而差异很大。对于两株深绿木霉分离株，我们证明这些真菌可从果实传播至种子，并限制植物病原菌芸薹链格孢（Alternaria brassicicola）的传播。此外，这些菌株还能促进幼苗生长并提供对终极腐霉（Globisporangium ultimum）的保护作用。综上，这些发现支持了聚焦于某些特定筛选的种子传播木霉的益处，这些木霉似乎特别适合用于改善种子健康。

Abstract

Trichoderma is a genus of beneficial fungi widely used in agriculture disease suppression, plant growth promotion, and soil health improvement. Although some studies have shown that Trichoderma spp. can be seed-borne, albeit at low frequency, no specific study has so far focused on the diversity of Trichoderma isolates capable of adapting to this particular environment. Over 2 years of routine seed health analyses, we isolated 107 Trichoderma strains associated with seeds from 32 cultivated plant species, and we investigated the diversity of this specific library using multi-locus analysis. These isolates are distributed among 18 different species, but Trichoderma atroviride is by far the most frequent. Representative strains of each species all have the ability to parasitise damping-off agents, although the intensity of parasitism can vary greatly from one strain to another and depending on the targeted plant pathogens. For two isolates of T. atroviride, we showed that these fungi can be transmitted from fruit to seed and limit the transmission of the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Furthermore, these strains stimulated seedling growth and provided protection against Globisporangium ultimum. Together, these findings support the benefits of focusing on certain selected seed-borne Trichoderma which seem particularly well suited to improving seed health.

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