使用免疫检查点抑制剂治疗肺癌的免疫相关不良事件的现状和趋势：过去十年（2016-2025年）的文献计量分析

摘要(中文译文)

免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）已广泛应用于肺癌治疗，然而免疫相关不良事件（irAEs）仍是重要的安全性研究课题。目前，尚缺乏专门针对肺癌irAEs的全面文献计量学分析。本研究利用Web of Science核心合集（WoSCC）和PubMed数据库，检索2016年至2025年间有关ICIs相关irAEs在肺癌中的文献。在WoSCC的1，792条合格记录中，使用Bibliometrix和CiteSpace（v7.0）等工具进行文献计量学和可视化分析。同时，PubMed中归类为临床研究的记录仅用于补充性描述性临床主题映射，聚焦于研究类型、疾病背景、干预方案及irAE相关主题类别。结果表明，该领域年度发文量在2016年至2025年间呈持续上升趋势，历经三个不同阶段：初始阶段（2016—2019年）、快速增长阶段（2020—2022年）和稳定发展阶段（2023—2025年）；中国以626篇发文量位居全球第一，而美国在国际合作网络中表现出最高的中介中心性，提示其具有较强的桥梁地位；然而，中国的高发文量并未伴随相应高的网络中介中心性；共被引分析识别出两组高频共被引参考文献：ICIs治疗肺癌的里程碑式随机试验，以及irAE管理的指南或综述；研究热点呈现四阶段迁移模式：“源于黑色素瘤中的泛肿瘤安全性探索——聚焦肺癌特异性高风险irAEs——扩展至疗效-安全性关联分析——延伸至复发人群的长期预后。”关键词突现分析提示，近年来对复发疾病、无进展生存期及部分安全性相关主题的关注度增加。基于PubMed的补充映射进一步显示，纳入的临床研究主要涉及联合免疫治疗、肺毒性、围手术期治疗背景、特殊人群、生物标志物相关分析及irAE干预相关主题。本文献计量学分析描述了肺癌中ICI相关irAE研究的发文格局、合作模式、共被引结构及关键词演变。研究结果可能有助于研究人员识别主要主题分布及需要进一步研究的领域，尤其是器官特异性高风险irAEs、生物标志物相关研究以及代表性不足人群中的安全性聚焦研究。

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in lung cancer treatment; however, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain an important safety-related research topic. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive bibliometric analyses specifically addressing irAEs in lung cancer. This study utilized the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and PubMed databases to retrieve literature on irAEs associated with ICIs in lung cancer from 2016 to 2025. Among the 1, 792 eligible records from WoSCC, bibliometric and visualization analyses were conducted using tools such as Bibliometrix and CiteSpace (v7.0). Meanwhile, PubMed records classified as clinical studies were used only for supplementary descriptive clinical-topic mapping, focusing on study types, disease settings, intervention regimens, and irAE-related topic categories. The results indicate that the annual publication volume in this field showed a continuous upward trend from 2016 to 2025, progressing through three distinct phases: the initial phase (2016-2019), the rapid increase phase (2020-2022), and the stable development phase (2023-2025);China ranked first globally with 626 publications, while the United States showed the highest betweenness betweenness centrality in the international collaboration network, suggesting a relatively strong bridging position; however, China's high publication output was not accompanied by a similarly high network betweenness centrality; co-citation analysis identified two major groups of frequently co-cited references: landmark randomized trials of ICIs in lung cancer and guidelines or reviews on irAE management; Research hotspots exhibit a four-stage migration pattern: "originating from pan-tumor safety exploration in melanoma-focusing on lung cancer-specific high-risk irAEs-extending to efficacy-safety association analyses-and expanding to long-term prognosis in recurrent populations." Keyword burst analysis suggested increasing recent attention to recurrent disease, progression-free survival, and selected safety-related topics. The PubMed-based supplementary mapping further showed that the included clinical studies mainly involved combination immunotherapy, pulmonary toxicity, perioperative treatment settings, special populations, biomarker-related analyses, and irAE intervention-related topics. This bibliometric analysis describes the publication landscape, collaboration patterns, co-citation structure, and keyword evolution of ICI-related irAE research in lung cancer. The findings may help researchers identify major topic distributions and areas requiring further investigation, particularly organ-specific high-risk irAEs, biomarker-related studies, and safety-focused research in underrepresented populations.

如何引用

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