2025年肺纤维化基础和转化研究进展年度综述：叙述性综述

摘要(中文译文)

肺纤维化仍是临床实践中尚未解决的重大挑战。2025年，肺纤维化研究取得了一系列重要进展。本文综述2025年肺纤维化基础与转化研究方面的进展。为检索肺纤维化基础与转化研究相关文献，进行了关键词检索，覆盖PubMed和Web of Science数据库中2025年1月1日至2025年12月31日发表的文献。肺纤维化实验模型的进展——包括动物模型、肺芯片模型和基于生物材料的模型——使得能够更好地重现该疾病的病理特征。在机制层面，对核心病理过程获得了更深入的认识，包括小气道功能障碍、肺泡上皮修复异常、促纤维化巨噬细胞活化、适应性免疫生态位以及病理性成纤维细胞转化。在转化层面，那米司特的获批是一个重要里程碑，而人工智能（AI）衍生的化合物、生态位靶向干预策略和联合治疗拓宽了抗纤维化药物开发的格局。2025年，肺纤维化在实验模型、机制研究和药物开发方面取得了显著进展。这些进展正推动该领域从聚焦信号通路转向整合性视角，为深入理解肺纤维化复杂的病理机制奠定了基础。

Abstract

Pulmonary fibrosis remains a major unresolved challenge in clinical practice. In 2025, pulmonary fibrosis research achieved a series of important advances. This article reviews the progress in basic and translational research of pulmonary fibrosis in 2025. To retrieve literature related to basic and translational research in pulmonary fibrosis, a keyword search was performed, which covered PubMed and Web of Science databases for publications from January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025. Advances in experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis-including animal models, lung-on-a-chip models, and biomaterial-based models-have enabled better recapitulation of pathological characteristics of the disease. At the mechanistic level, deeper insights regarding core pathological processes have been gained, including small-airway dysfunction, aberrant alveolar epithelial repair, profibrotic macrophage activation, adaptive immune niches, and pathological fibroblast transitions. At the translational level, approval of nerandomilast represented an important milestone, while artificial intelligence (AI)-derived compounds, niche-targeted intervention strategies, and combination therapies have broadened the landscape of anti-fibrotic drug development. In 2025, significant progress has been made in experimental models, mechanistic study, and drug development for pulmonary fibrosis. These advances are shifting the field from a focus on signaling pathways toward an integrative perspective, laying the foundation for in-depth understanding of complex pathological mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis.

如何引用

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