细胞学、组织学和分子病理学在甲状腺结节诊断过程中的作用
The Role of Cytology, Histology and Molecular Pathology in the Diagnostic Process of Thyroid Nodules.
摘要(中文译文)
近年来，甲状腺结节的诊断与分类因两项重大进展而得到更新：2022年第五版世界卫生组织（WHO）内分泌及神经内分泌肿瘤分类（涵盖甲状腺肿瘤），以及2023年第三版甲状腺细胞病理学Bethesda报告系统（TBSRTC）。重要的是，这些分类系统在术语上趋于一致，改善了细针穿刺细胞学（FNAC）与外科病理学之间的临床病理相关性，并支持更一致的基于风险的管理。与此同时，分子检测的作用日益增强，尤其对于FNA结果不确定的类别，这已体现在当代实践建议中。此外，2025年美国甲状腺协会指南通过重申组织病理学作为临床决策的基石，重新校准了分化型甲状腺癌的术后风险分层。在本综述中，我们总结了甲状腺FNAC报告、组织病理学分类的关键更新，以及分子病理学在甲状腺结节评估与管理中的实际应用。
Abstract
In recent years, thyroid nodule diagnosis and classification have been updated by two major developments: the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors classification 2022), which includes thyroid neoplasms, and the third edition of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) (2023). Importantly, these classification systems converge in terminology, improving clinicopathologic correlation between fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and surgical pathology and supporting more consistent risk-based management. In parallel, molecular testing has assumed a growing role, particularly for indeterminate FNA categories, as reflected in contemporary practice recommendations. Moreover, the 2025 American Thyroid Association guidelines recalibrate postoperative risk stratification in differentiated thyroid cancer by reasserting histopathology as the cornerstone of clinical decision-making. In this review, we summarize key updates in thyroid FNAC reporting, histopathologic classification, and the practical application of molecular pathology for the evaluation and management of thyroid nodules.
如何引用
AMA
Mathilde Ribeiro, Sule Canberk, Massimo Bongiovanni. The Role of Cytology, Histology and Molecular Pathology in the Diagnostic Process of Thyroid Nodules.. Cancers. 2026; doi:10.3390/cancers18111814.
APA
Mathilde Ribeiro, Sule Canberk, Massimo Bongiovanni (2026). The Role of Cytology, Histology and Molecular Pathology in the Diagnostic Process of Thyroid Nodules.. Cancers. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18111814
GB/T 7714
Mathilde Ribeiro, Sule Canberk, Massimo Bongiovanni. The Role of Cytology, Histology and Molecular Pathology in the Diagnostic Process of Thyroid Nodules.[J]. Cancers, 2026 doi:10.3390/cancers18111814.
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