亚临床抑郁症患者对情绪面孔的适应性注意调节
Adaptive Attentional Regulation to Emotional Faces in Subclinical Depression.
摘要(中文译文)
抑郁的认知模型认为注意偏向具有核心作用，但实证证据仍不一致，这可能源于任务需求的差异。本研究采用眼动追踪技术，评估抑郁症状个体在目标导向视觉搜索任务中的注意模式，并特意区分早期定向与晚期脱离。77名参与者根据PHQ-9得分被分为高抑郁症状组（HD）和低抑郁症状组（LD），完成“人群中的面孔”（FITC）任务。通过改变集合大小（4、8或12张面孔）以考察知觉负荷的作用。任务包括在中性干扰项中搜索单一情绪目标（评估早期定向），以及在情绪干扰项中搜索单一中性目标（评估晚期脱离）。与负性偏向假设相反，HD组表现出可被解释为适应性注意调节的模式。在早期定向阶段（8张面孔条件），HD组对快乐目标的总注视时间减少，提示识别加快。注意偏向指数（悲伤减快乐注视时间）与抑郁严重程度呈正相关。在晚期脱离阶段（8张面孔条件），HD组表现出更短的目标注视潜伏期，且特异性地见于悲伤干扰项，表明其从负性信息中脱离更为容易。相应的偏向指数与抑郁水平呈负相关。在明确的目标导向需求下，高抑郁症状个体表现出对快乐面孔的加工促进和对悲伤面孔的脱离加速，而非负性偏向增强。这一模式初步提示早期抑郁中可能存在适应性注意调节机制，尽管结果仅限于8张面孔条件，且在集合大小4或12时未出现显著组间差异。在得出明确结论前尚需重复验证。该结果强调了任务需求的关键影响，并凸显了早期识别和针对性干预的价值。
Abstract
Cognitive models of depression posit a core role for attentional biases, though empirical evidence remains inconsistent, likely due to variations in task demands. This study utilized eye-tracking to assess attentional patterns in individuals with depressive symptoms during a goal-directed visual search task, specifically dissociating early orienting and late disengagement. Seventy-seven participants, classified into high (HD) and low (LD) depressive-symptom groups based on PHQ-9 scores, completed a "face-in-the-crowd" (FITC) task. The set size (4, 8, or 12 faces) was varied to examine the role of perceptual load. The task involved searching for a single emotional target among neutral distractors (assessing early orienting) and searching for a single neutral target among emotional distractors (assessing late disengagement). Contrary to the negativity-bias hypothesis, the HD group demonstrated what might be interpreted as adaptive attentional regulation. During early orienting (8-face condition), the HD group showed reduced total dwell time on happy targets, suggesting accelerated identification. An attentional bias index (sad minus happy dwell time) correlated positively with depression severity. During late disengagement (8-face condition), the HD group exhibited shorter target fixation latency specifically with sad distractors, indicating facilitated disengagement from negative information. The corresponding bias index correlated negatively with depression levels. Under explicit goal-directed demands, individuals with high depressive symptoms displayed facilitated processing of happy faces and accelerated disengagement from sad faces, rather than an enhanced negativity bias. This pattern tentatively suggests a possible adaptive attentional regulatory mechanism in early depression, although the findings were limited to the 8-face condition and no significant group differences emerged at set sizes 4 or 12. Replication is required before firm conclusions can be drawn. The result underscores the critical influence of task demands and highlights the value of early identification and targeted intervention.
如何引用
AMA
Chaoyang Li, Jinhong Ding. Adaptive Attentional Regulation to Emotional Faces in Subclinical Depression.. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland). 2026; doi:10.3390/bs16050657.
APA
Chaoyang Li, Jinhong Ding (2026). Adaptive Attentional Regulation to Emotional Faces in Subclinical Depression.. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16050657
GB/T 7714
Chaoyang Li, Jinhong Ding. Adaptive Attentional Regulation to Emotional Faces in Subclinical Depression.[J]. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026 doi:10.3390/bs16050657.
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