外泌体作为脊髓损伤的再生疗法：机制和临床前景
Exosomes as regenerative therapeutics for spinal cord injury: mechanisms and clinical prospects.
摘要(中文译文)
外泌体是细胞分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡，直径约为30~100纳米。作为细胞间通讯的重要信使，外泌体在生理和病理过程中均发挥重要作用。其低免疫原性、良好的组织穿透性和高生物相容性，使其成为疾病诊断生物标志物和药物递送载体的研究热点。脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种严重的神经系统创伤性疾病，常导致神经元死亡、轴突断裂、胶质瘢痕形成及炎症反应失调，最终引起不可逆的感觉和运动功能障碍。本综述系统阐述了不同细胞来源的外泌体在脊髓损伤修复中的关键作用，重点探讨了这些外泌体如何靶向神经元、胶质细胞、血管内皮细胞和免疫细胞等关键细胞组分，从而调控神经炎症、胶质瘢痕形成、轴突再生、血管生成和细胞凋亡等核心病理过程。通过综合现有证据，我们旨在揭示外泌体作为脊髓损伤微环境中细胞间信号枢纽所介导的复杂调控网络。此外，本综述为其未来作为脊髓损伤新型诊断工具、再生治疗载体和靶向干预策略的开发提供了理论基础。
Abstract
Exosomes are nanometer-scale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells with a diameter of approximately 30-100 nanometers. Serving as essential messengers for intercellular communication, they play significant roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Their low immunogenicity, excellent tissue penetrability, and high biocompatibility have positioned them as a research focus for disease diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe traumatic disorder of the nervous system, often leading to neuronal death, axonal disruption, glial scar formation, and dysregulated inflammatory responses, ultimately resulting in irreversible sensory and motor dysfunction. This review systematically elucidates the pivotal roles of exosomes derived from various cell sources in the repair of SCI. It focuses on how these exosomes target key cellular components including neurons, glial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells. This interaction modulates core pathological processes such as neuroinflammation, glial scar formation, axonal regeneration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. By synthesizing current evidence, we aim to unravel the complex regulatory networks mediated by exosomes as intercellular signaling hubs within the SCI microenvironment. Furthermore, this review provides a theoretical foundation for their future development as novel diagnostic tools, regenerative therapeutic vectors, and targeted intervention strategies for SCI.
如何引用
AMA
Yingbo Xiao, Tao Cui, Ying Zhou, Qichao Su, Duan Yi. Exosomes as regenerative therapeutics for spinal cord injury: mechanisms and clinical prospects.. Frontiers in medicine. 2026; doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1810270.
APA
Yingbo Xiao, Tao Cui, Ying Zhou, Qichao Su, Duan Yi (2026). Exosomes as regenerative therapeutics for spinal cord injury: mechanisms and clinical prospects.. Frontiers in medicine. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1810270
GB/T 7714
Yingbo Xiao, Tao Cui, Ying Zhou, Qichao Su, Duan Yi. Exosomes as regenerative therapeutics for spinal cord injury: mechanisms and clinical prospects.[J]. Frontiers in medicine, 2026 doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1810270.
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