下一代鼻内流感疫苗：机制、平台和转化进展
Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.
摘要(中文译文)
季节性流感疫苗接种仍然是减轻流感负担和预防重症的最有效策略。尽管经过数十年的疫苗研发，季节性流感疫苗仍采用肌内注射给药，其效力欠佳且高度可变，取决于宿主因素、既往免疫以及疫苗与流行株之间的抗原匹配程度。近年来疫苗研发的进展凸显了鼻内给药作为一种策略的潜力，可通过诱导局部和全身免疫反应来增强对流感病毒感染的保护。在多个正在研发的鼻内平台中，黏膜免疫，特别是分泌型IgA以及T细胞和B细胞免疫反应，在塑造针对流感病毒感染的保护中发挥核心作用。减毒活流感疫苗（LAIV）可激发保护性免疫反应，尤其在儿童人群中，并且仍是目前唯一获批的鼻内季节性流感疫苗。然而，其在成人中表现不稳定、病毒适应性与毒株相关以及临床禁忌证等因素限制了其更广泛的适用性。这些局限性推动了下一代鼻内流感疫苗平台的研发，旨在保留黏膜疫苗接种的免疫学优势，同时提高一致性、安全性以及在多样化人群中的适用性。本综述综合了关于已获批和新兴鼻内流感疫苗平台的当前知识，包括复制型病毒平台和非复制型平台，并讨论了关键免疫学机制、挑战及转化进展。总之，这些进展凸显了鼻内疫苗接种作为下一代改善流感控制的策略日益增长的潜力。
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccination remains the most effective strategy for reducing influenza burden and preventing severe disease. Despite decades of vaccine development, the seasonal influenza vaccine is administered intramuscularly and provides suboptimal and highly variable effectiveness depending on host factors, pre-existing immunity, and antigenic match between vaccine and circulating strains. Recent advances in vaccine development have highlighted the potential of intranasal vaccine delivery as a strategy to increase protection against influenza virus infection by inducing local and systemic immune responses. Across multiple intranasal platforms under development, mucosal immunity, particularly secretory IgA and T- and B-cell immune responses, plays a central role in shaping protection against influenza virus infection. Live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) elicit protective immune responses, particularly in the pediatric population, and remain the only currently licensed intranasal seasonal influenza vaccine. However, variable performance in adults, strain-dependent viral fitness, and clinical contraindications have limited their broader applicability. These limitations have driven the development of next-generation intranasal influenza vaccine platforms designed to preserve the immunological advantages of mucosal vaccination while improving consistency, safety, and applicability across diverse populations. This review synthesizes current knowledge on licensed and emerging intranasal influenza vaccine platforms, including replicating viral platforms and non-replicating platforms, and discusses key immunological mechanisms, challenges, and translational progress. Together, these advances underscore the growing potential of intranasal vaccination as a next-generation strategy to improve influenza control.
如何引用
AMA
Laise Rodrigues Reis, Ted M Ross. Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.. Frontiers in immunology. 2026; doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1809302.
APA
Laise Rodrigues Reis, Ted M Ross (2026). Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.. Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1809302
GB/T 7714
Laise Rodrigues Reis, Ted M Ross. Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.[J]. Frontiers in immunology, 2026 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1809302.
在 PubMed增强版 阅读全文
翻译全文 · AI 文献问答 · PDF 原文下载 · 引用导出