从PA6废料中提取己内酰胺：化学回收和可持续实践的进展
Extracting Caprolactam from PA6 Waste: Progress in Chemical Recycling and Sustainable Practices.
摘要(中文译文)
本综述批判性地评估了当前PA6回收技术，特别关注以己内酰胺为导向的化学回收路径，包括水解、热解、醇解、氨解、水热处理、离子液体辅助解聚以及微波辅助工艺。已报道的己内酰胺产率因反应条件和催化剂体系的不同而差异显著，从传统水解的低于60 wt%到优化催化、水热或微波辅助条件下的高于90 wt%。在这些方法中，微波辅助水解和催化解聚已显现出特别的前景，可在温和温度（通常为200-350 °C）下显著缩短反应时间（从数小时缩短至数分钟）、提高能效并实现高单体选择性。本综述整合了动力学建模方法、用于监测解聚的分析方法以及决定单体纯度和可回收性的下游分离考量。关键挑战，包括能源需求、原料污染、可扩展性和经济竞争力，结合工业实施进行了批判性讨论。总体而言，基于水解和微波辅助的化学回收路径是实现PA6闭环回收最可行的途径。未来的进展将依赖于反应-分离-再聚合一体化设计、催化剂优化和过程强化，以实现可持续且具有工业相关性的PA6循环性。
Abstract
This review critically evaluates current PA6 recycling technologies, with a specific focus on caprolactam-oriented chemical recycling pathways, including hydrolysis, pyrolysis, glycolysis, ammonolysis, hydrothermal treatment, ionic-liquid-assisted depolymerization, and microwave-assisted processes. Reported caprolactam yields vary significantly depending on reaction conditions and catalyst systems, ranging from below 60 wt% in conventional hydrolysis to above 90 wt% under optimized catalytic, hydrothermal, or microwave-assisted conditions. Among these approaches, microwave-assisted hydrolysis and catalytic depolymerization have emerged as particularly promising, offering substantially reduced reaction times (minutes rather than hours), improved energy efficiency, and high monomer selectivity at moderate temperatures (typically 200-350 °C). This review integrates kinetic modeling approaches, analytical methods for monitoring depolymerization, and downstream separation considerations that govern monomer purity and recyclability. Key challenges, including energy demand, feedstock contamination, scalability, and economic competitiveness, are critically discussed in relation to industrial implementation. Overall, hydrolysis-based and microwave-assisted chemical recycling routes are the most viable pathways for closed-loop recycling of PA6. Future progress will rely on integrated reaction-separation-repolymerization designs, catalyst optimization, and process intensification to enable sustainable and industrially relevant PA6 circularity.
如何引用
AMA
Damayanti Damayanti, Mega Pristiani, Ho-Shing Wu. Extracting Caprolactam from PA6 Waste: Progress in Chemical Recycling and Sustainable Practices.. Polymers. 2026; doi:10.3390/polym18080940.
APA
Damayanti Damayanti, Mega Pristiani, Ho-Shing Wu (2026). Extracting Caprolactam from PA6 Waste: Progress in Chemical Recycling and Sustainable Practices.. Polymers. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18080940
GB/T 7714
Damayanti Damayanti, Mega Pristiani, Ho-Shing Wu. Extracting Caprolactam from PA6 Waste: Progress in Chemical Recycling and Sustainable Practices.[J]. Polymers, 2026 doi:10.3390/polym18080940.
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