用于血液净化的功能性聚醚砜（PES）基材料的制备

摘要(中文译文)

聚醚砜（PES）基材料因其优异的热稳定性、氧化稳定性及物理/化学稳定性、出色的力学性能、温和的灭菌条件以及易于加工等特点，在血液净化领域得到日益广泛的应用。此外，PES可通过水溶液与有机溶剂之间的相转化在基体内轻松形成高度多孔结构。这种成孔特性有助于PES基材料在血液透析（HD）、血液灌流（HP）和体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）中实现有效吸附和分离。然而，PES固有的疏水性导致生物污染和血液相容性相对较差，限制了其进一步的实际应用。本综述概述了PES类肝素功能化的概念，旨在寻找解决血液相容性问题的有效途径。我们讨论了功能性PES基材料的制备策略，并重点介绍了所提出的交联共聚方法的优势。我们还综述了已制备的多功能PES产品，包括膜、微球和纤维，这些产品不仅具有抗污染、抗菌、抗凝血和抗氧化功能，还能在不同pH、盐度、阴离子、温度、光周期和氧化还原条件下响应刺激。智能功能与新型结构（如核壳结构和仿生设计）的整合丰富了PES基材料的种类，并最大程度地提升了血液毒素的吸附和分离能力。因此，这些材料是人工肾、人工肝和人工肺中HD和HP应用的有前景的候选材料，与当前研究进展相契合。最后，我们总结了PES基材料用于血液净化的前景与挑战，并为这些材料的发展提供了从功能化、制备到生物医学工程应用的指导。

Abstract

Polyethersulfone (PES)-based materials have been increasingly applied in the area of blood purification because of their outstanding thermal, oxidative, and physical/chemical stability, excellent mechanical properties, mild sterilization conditions, and ease of processing. In addition, PES can easily form highly porous structures within the bulk by phase inversion between aqueous solutions and organic solvents. This pore-forming characteristic contributes to the application of PES-based materials for effective adsorption and separation in hemodialysis (HD), hemoperfusion (HP) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, the intrinsic hydrophobic nature of PES, which leads to biofouling and relatively poor hemocompatibility, restricts its further practical use. This review outlines the concept of the heparin-like functionalization of PES, aiming to find an effective way to address the hemocompatibility issues. We discuss the fabrication strategy of functional PES-based materials and highlight the virtue of the proposed crosslinking copolymerization method. We also review the fabricated multifunctional PES products, including membranes, microspheres and fibers, with not only anti-fouling, antibacterial, anticoagulant and antioxidant functions, but also stimulus-responsiveness under varied pH, salinity, anions, temperature, photoperiods and redox conditions. The integration of smart functions with novel structures, such as core-shell and bionic design enriches the variety of PES based materials and maximumly promoting the blood toxin adsorption and separation capacity. Thus, these materials are promising candidates for HD and HP applications in artificial kidneys, livers and lungs, aligning with current research developments. Finally, we summarize the perspectives and challenges of PES-based materials for blood purification and provide guidelines for the development of these materials, from functionalization and fabrication to biomedical engineering applications.

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