分心时进食：分心对成年人并发和后期摄入影响的系统综述和荟萃分析

摘要(中文译文)

人们认为，边吃边分心[例如看电视、打电话]会增加食物摄入量。之前对实验研究的一项小型荟萃分析（发表在《美国临床营养学杂志》上）支持了这一点。此后发表了许多研究，需要更新分析。本研究旨在进行最新的系统评价和荟萃分析，以检查分心对并发和后期摄入的影响。符合条件的文章（搜索至2024年12月）来自：之前进行的荟萃分析，其中包括截至2012年的研究；2012年至2024年的数据库搜索（PsycINFO、Medline和PubMed）；以及正向和反向引文搜索。我们遵循PRISMA指南，以摄入量作为同期和后期摄入量的结果变量进行了通用方差逆荟萃分析。共纳入50项符合条件的研究（40项测量并发摄入量，10项测量后期摄入量）。随机效应荟萃分析显示，分心对并发摄入的总体影响不显著[标准化平均差（SMD）=0.123，95%置信区间（CI）：<-0.01，0.25；P=0.051]。调节者分析显示，分心类型调节了分心对饮食的影响，被动分心任务（如看电视）在分心时会导致更多的食物摄入[SMD=0.272（95%CI:0.128，0.417）]，而体力要求高的分心者[SMD=-0.139（95%CI:-0.334，0.057）]和认知要求高的分散者[SMD=0.202（95%CI:-0.028，0.432）]则没有。分心对后期摄入的影响在统计学上是显著的，因此分心时进食会导致随后进食时摄入更多[SMD=0.419（95%CI:0.195,0.642）]。分心进食会增加以后的摄入量；然而，分心进食对同时摄入能量的影响并不一致，只有相对被动的分心物才能增加能量摄入。总的来说，这些发现强调了分心进食对食物摄入的影响，这是导致暴饮暴食的潜在因素。该系统评价和荟萃分析在PROSPERO注册为CRD42024518245。

Abstract

Eating while distracted [e.g., television (TV) watching, phone use] is believed to increase food intake. A previous small meta-analysis of experimental studies (published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition) supported this. Many studies have since been published, but there has been no updated analysis. This study aimed to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of distraction on concurrent and later energy intake. Eligible articles (searching up to December 2024) were identified from: a previously conducted meta-analysis which included studies up until 2012; database searches from 2012 to 2024 (PsycINFO, Medline, and PubMed); and both forward and backward citation searching. We followed PRISMA guidelines and conducted generic variance inverse meta-analyses with intake as the outcome variable for both concurrent and later energy intake. A total of 50 eligible studies were included (40 measuring concurrent intake, 10 measuring later intake). Random effects meta-analyses revealed that the overall effect of distraction on concurrent energy intake was nonsignificant [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.123, 95% confidence interval (CI): <-0.01, 0.25; P = 0.051]. Moderator analyses revealed that type of distractor moderated the effect of distraction on eating, with passive distractor tasks (e.g., TV watching) resulting in greater energy intake when distracted [SMD = 0.272 (95% CI: 0.128, 0.417)], whereas physically demanding distractors [SMD = -0.139 (95% CI: -0.334, 0.057)] and cognitively demanding distractors [SMD = 0.202 (95% CI: -0.028, 0.432)] did not. The effect of distraction on later energy intake was statistically significant, such that eating while distracted led to greater intake at a subsequent eating episode [SMD = 0.419 (95% CI: 0.195, 0.642)]. Distracted eating increases later energy intake; however, the effect of distracted eating on concurrent energy intake is less consistent, and only relatively passive distractors may increase energy intake. Collectively, these findings suggest that distraction is a potential contributor to overeating. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024518245.

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