高性能微波吸收用磁性合金/复合材料的组成和结构设计：综述
Composition and Structural Design of Magnetic Alloy/Composites for High-Performance Microwave Absorption: A Review.
摘要(中文译文)
磁性金属对隐身技术和电磁污染控制具有相当重要的意义。然而，它们存在固有的局限性，如斯诺克极限和窄吸收带宽，这限制了其在复杂场景中的应用。为应对这些挑战，本综述系统总结了磁性金属基微波吸收材料（MAMs）的最新进展，聚焦于四个核心方向：合金设计、复合工程、结构调控和制备技术。合金中吸收的强度和频段由材料的组成及其结构属性决定。此外，还讨论了包含碳材料、MXenes、氧化物、陶瓷和导电聚合物的复合体系，其中组分的协同设计优化了阻抗匹配和损耗机制。关键的结构设计策略包括核壳结构、界面工程、自组装分级结构和宏观结构设计。这些结构通过增强界面极化、多重散射和共振效应，实现了薄、轻、宽、强吸收性能的协同提升，同时赋予材料优异的环境稳定性。值得注意的是，基于超材料的设计可以进一步实现跨越0.3-18 GHz的超宽带宽。此外，制备工艺对于调控微观结构和激活损耗机制至关重要。本综述旨在为开发高性能、多功能磁性微波吸收材料提供理论和实践见解。
Abstract
Magnetic metals are of considerable importance for stealth technology and electromagnetic pollution control. However, they suffer from inherent limitations, such as the Snoek limit and narrow absorption bandwidth, which restrict their applications in complex scenarios. To address these challenges, this review systematically summarizes the recent advances of magnetic metal-based microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs), focusing on four core directions: alloy design, composite engineering, structural regulation, and preparation technology. The intensity and frequency bands of absorption in alloys are dictated by the material's composition as well as its structural attributes. Moreover, composite systems incorporating carbon materials, MXenes, oxides, ceramics, and conductive polymers are discussed, where the synergistic design of components optimizes impedance matching and loss mechanisms. Key structural design strategies include core-shell structures, interface engineering, self-assembled hierarchical structures, and macroscopic structural design. These structures achieve the synergistic improvement of thin, lightweight, broadband, and strong absorption performance by enhancing interface polarization, multiple scattering, and resonance effects, while endowing materials with excellent environmental stability. Notably, metamaterial-based designs can further achieve an ultrawide bandwidth spanning 0.3-18 GHz. Additionally, preparation processes are crucial for regulating the microstructure and activating loss mechanisms. This review aims to offer theoretical and practical insights for developing high-performance, multifunctional magnetic MAMs.
如何引用
AMA
Mengyu Zhou, Zhuohui Zhou, Hongfei Cheng. Composition and Structural Design of Magnetic Alloy/Composites for High-Performance Microwave Absorption: A Review.. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland). 2026; doi:10.3390/nano16050290.
APA
Mengyu Zhou, Zhuohui Zhou, Hongfei Cheng (2026). Composition and Structural Design of Magnetic Alloy/Composites for High-Performance Microwave Absorption: A Review.. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16050290
GB/T 7714
Mengyu Zhou, Zhuohui Zhou, Hongfei Cheng. Composition and Structural Design of Magnetic Alloy/Composites for High-Performance Microwave Absorption: A Review.[J]. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026 doi:10.3390/nano16050290.
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