宏基因组测序揭示了埃及蚊子的病毒多样性：多种昆虫特异性病毒的共循环

摘要(中文译文)

蚊媒病毒监测是调查蚊子病毒组的关键，有助于了解病毒进化史和遗传多样性。蚊子体内的天然病毒群落不仅包括昆虫特异性病毒（ISV），还包括感染共生微生物的病毒。在这项研究中，从埃及收集了654个蚊子样本，包括伊蚊属和库蚊属的物种，并进行了宏基因组测序分析。鉴定出130多种病毒，分为35个科或同等的分类学等级。检测到的ISV包括库蚊黄病毒（CxFV）、Kustavi-Toti样病毒、Hanko-Toti病毒5、库蚊相马样病毒（CPLV）、库蚊Iflavi样病毒1、库蚊Iflavi样病毒4、瓜德罗普岛库蚊横纹病毒（GCRV）和沙捞越病毒，证实了埃及蚊子中同时存在ISV循环。对这些ISV的系统发育分析揭示了它们与源自中东、欧洲、大洋洲和亚洲的病毒基因组序列最接近的进化亲缘关系。具体而言，埃及CxFV毒株与拉丁美洲/加勒比海/非洲基因型内的热带谱系表现出更密切的遗传关系。此外，我们的研究发现了10种推定的新病毒，它们分布在七个病毒科中：Amagaviridae、Chrysoviridae、Mitoviride、Totiviridae、Virgaviridaes、Narnaviridae和正粘液病毒科。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调了对埃及以及邻近的非洲和中东国家的节肢动物病毒进行更深入调查的必要性，包括蚊子和蜱虫。此类研究对于增进我们对病毒多样性和进化生物学的理解、阐明它们在蚊子-病原体-宿主相互作用中的作用以及探索它们作为生物防治剂对抗具有公共卫生重要性的媒介传播疾病的潜力至关重要。据估计，蚊子传播的病毒每年导致超过1亿人感染，在国际旅行和贸易日益增长的情况下，对这些病原体的监测变得越来越重要。埃及位于非洲东北部，是连接亚洲、欧洲和非洲的地缘政治和地理中心，这一独特的地理位置使蚊媒病毒的监测变得复杂。虫媒病毒通过节肢动物媒介（如蚊子、蜱和蠓）与易感脊椎动物宿主之间的周期性传播在自然界中持续存在。尽管如此，在埃及，对蚊子病毒组的系统研究仍然相对较少。本研究旨在通过元病毒测序探索埃及蚊子相关病毒的遗传多样性和进化关系。我们的发现显著扩展了该地区已知和以前未鉴定的蚊子相关病毒的现有知识，同时还提供了可能感染节肢动物或脊椎动物并可能干扰致病性虫媒病毒复制的几种病毒的完整基因组序列。

Abstract

Mosquito-borne virus surveillance is pivotal for investigating mosquito viromes, facilitating understanding of viral evolutionary histories and genetic diversity. Natural viral communities in mosquitoes include not only insect-specific viruses (ISVs) but also viruses infecting symbiotic microorganisms. In this study, a total of 654 mosquito samples-encompassing species from the and genera-were collected from Egypt and subjected to metagenomic sequencing analysis. Over 130 virus species were identified, grouped into 35 families or equivalent taxonomic ranks. Detected ISVs included Culex flavivirus (CxFV), Kustavi Toti-like virus, Hanko Toti virus 5, Culex phasma-like virus (CPLV), Culex Iflavi-like virus 1, Culex Iflavi-like virus 4, Guadeloupe Culex rhabdovirus (GCRV), and Sarawak virus, confirming concurrent ISV circulation in Egyptian mosquitoes. Phylogenetic analyses of these ISVs revealed their closest evolutionary affinities to viral genome sequences originating from the Middle East, Europe, Oceania, and Asia. Specifically, Egyptian CxFV strains exhibited a closer genetic relationship with the tropical lineage within the Latin American/Caribbean/Africa genotype. Furthermore, our study uncovered 10 putative novel viruses, which are distributed across seven viral families: Amagaviridae, Chrysoviridae, Mitoviridae, Totiviridae, Virgaviridae, Narnaviridae, and Orthomyxoviridae. Collectively, our findings emphasize the necessity for more in-depth investigations into arthropod viromes-encompassing both mosquitoes and ticks-in Egypt, as well as in neighboring African and Middle Eastern countries. Such research is critical for enhancing our understanding of viral diversity and evolutionary biology, elucidating their roles in mosquito-pathogen-host interactions, and exploring their potential as biocontrol agents against vector-borne diseases of public health importance. Mosquito-borne viruses are estimated to cause over 100 million human infections annually, making surveillance of these pathogens increasingly crucial amid growing international travel and trade. Egypt, situated in northeastern Africa, serves as a geopolitical and geographical hub connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa-a unique location that complicates the surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses. Arboviruses persist in nature through cyclical transmission between arthropod vectors (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks, and midges) and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Despite this, systematic investigations into mosquito viromes remain relatively scarce in Egypt. The present study aimed to explore the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of mosquito-associated viruses in Egypt using metaviromic sequencing. Our findings significantly expand the current knowledge of both known and previously uncharacterized mosquito-associated viruses in the region, while also providing complete genome sequences of several viruses that may infect arthropods or vertebrates, and potentially interfere with the replication of pathogenic arboviruses.

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