Evaluation of biochemical, histopathological, hematological, and genotoxic effects of some indigenous weed plant extracts in albino rats toward a natural and safe alternative to synthetic insecticides.
农药的滥用对人类健康和环境构成了重大风险。植物源生物农药为害虫综合治理项目提供了一种可替代化学杀虫剂的选择。本研究评估了本土杂草植物叶片提取物对白化大鼠的毒理学效应。将提取物混合饲料以三种不同剂量（100 ppm、150 ppm和250 ppm）饲喂28天，同时以相同剂量水平的氯氰菊酯杀虫剂作为参考杀虫剂。采集肝脏和肾脏组织样本进行组织病理学研究，并获取血清进行生化检测。氯氰菊酯的组织病理学分析显示，中央静脉充血、肝组织出血及肝组织坏死，而肾脏组织则表现为肾小管坏死、纤维化及鲍曼囊肿胀。此外，出血伴有退行性炎性细胞浸润、水肿和萎缩，并观察到肾小球破裂。第28天时还记录到死亡率。相比之下，两种植物提取物均未显示出任何毒性体征，肝脏和肾脏组织也无显著改变。乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和磷酸酶活性在植物提取物处理组中无显著变化，而在氯氰菊酯处理组中则表现出显著差异。同样，通过彗星试验检测的遗传毒性显示两种植物均未引起变化。血液学参数在植物提取物处理下也无显著改变。无显著差异的结果表明，两种植物提取物在所有参数上与对照组相比均无差异，这表明与氯氰菊酯相比，这些杂草植物对脊椎动物的毒性较低。这些发现表明，这些杂草植物具有作为生物农药用于未来害虫综合治理（IPM）项目的潜力。
The indiscriminate use of pesticides poses a significant risk to human health and the environment. Plant-based biopesticides offer an alternative to insecticides for integration into insect pest management programs. The current study assessed the toxicological effects of leaf extracts from indigenous weed plants, and , in albino rats, . The extract-mixed diet was fed in three different doses (100 ppm, 150 ppm, and 250 ppm) for 28 days, while the Cypermethrin insecticide was used as a reference insecticide at the same dose levels. Samples from liver and kidney tissues were collected for histopathological study, and the blood serum was obtained for biochemical assay. Histopathological analysis of cypermethrin revealed congestion in the central vein, hemorrhage in hepatic tissues, and necrosis of liver tissues, while kidney tissues showed necrosis of renal tubules, fibrosis, and swelling in Bowman's capsule. Moreover, hemorrhage was attenuated by degenerated inflammatory cells, edema, and shrinkage, and the rupturing of glomeruli was also observed. Mortality was also recorded at 28th day. In contrast, no physical signs of toxicity and significant alteration in liver and kidney tissues were shown by both plant extracts. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and phosphatase enzymes also showed non-significance with plant extracts and significant results with Cypermethrin. Similarly, genotoxicity through the comet assay revealed no changes for either plant. Hematological parameters showed no significant change with plant extracts. Non-significant results revealed that both plant extracts had no difference when compared to the control for all parameters, which indicates that the weed plants are less toxic as compared to Cypermethrin in vertebrates. These findings suggest that these weed plants have the potential to be used as biopesticides for future integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
Muhammad Asif Zahoor, Muhammad Kashif Zahoor, Hina Rizvi, Zeeshan Nawaz, Aftab Ahmed, Bushra Munir, et al. Evaluation of biochemical, histopathological, hematological, and genotoxic effects of some indigenous weed plant extracts in albino rats toward a natural and safe alternative to synthetic insecticides.. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2026; doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1694297.
Muhammad Asif Zahoor, Muhammad Kashif Zahoor, Hina Rizvi, Zeeshan Nawaz, Aftab Ahmed, Bushra Munir, et al (2026). Evaluation of biochemical, histopathological, hematological, and genotoxic effects of some indigenous weed plant extracts in albino rats toward a natural and safe alternative to synthetic insecticides.. Frontiers in veterinary science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1694297
Muhammad Asif Zahoor, Muhammad Kashif Zahoor, Hina Rizvi, Zeeshan Nawaz, Aftab Ahmed, Bushra Munir, et al. Evaluation of biochemical, histopathological, hematological, and genotoxic effects of some indigenous weed plant extracts in albino rats toward a natural and safe alternative to synthetic insecticides.[J]. Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026 doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1694297.
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