挪威16岁代表性人群中牙科恐惧症的患病率及共病情况

摘要(中文译文)

尽管牙科恐惧和焦虑在儿童和青少年中很常见，但它们并非定义明确的概念，可能无法涵盖关键的临床方面。牙科恐惧症（dental phobia, DP）的定义则更为明确，它是一种特定恐惧症，包含功能损害的标准。旨在调查牙科恐惧症的患病率及其相关因素。从挪威特隆赫姆的两个出生队列中抽取具有代表性的样本（n=666），在16岁时进行评估。使用儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症量表对父母和青少年本人进行诊断性访谈。同时评估了人格特质、智力和执行功能。牙科恐惧症的患病率估计为3.7%（95% CI：2.7%-5.1%），而8.0%（95% CI：6.5%-9.9%）患有口内注射恐惧症（intra-oral injection phobia, I-OIP）。总体而言，牙科恐惧症与焦虑、抑郁障碍、人格特质或执行功能不良无关。然而，牙科恐惧症与社交焦虑障碍存在共病，并且与无牙科恐惧症者相比，患者有更多的注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状、多动-冲动症状以及较低的语言智力。牙科恐惧症在青少年期较为普遍，且独立于其他焦虑而存在，尽管牙科恐惧症患者更常经历社交焦虑、多动、冲动以及理解复杂语言的困难。这些倾向可能导致其在牙科就诊过程中面临互动和理解方面的挑战。

Abstract

Although dental fear and anxiety are common in children and adolescents, they are not well-defined constructs and may not capture critical clinical aspects. Dental phobia (DP) is more well-defined as a specific phobia that includes the criteria of functional impairment. To investigate the prevalence and covariates of DP. A representative sample from two birth cohorts in Trondheim, Norway (n = 666) was assessed at age 16. A diagnostic interview using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia was conducted with both parent and adolescent. Personality traits, intelligence, and executive functioning were also assessed. The prevalence of DP was estimated to 3.7% (95% CI: 2.7%-5.1%), whereas 8.0% (95% CI: 6.5%-9.9%) had intra-oral injection phobia (I-OIP). Generally, DP was not associated with anxiety, depressive disorders, personality traits, or poor executive functioning. However, DP was comorbid with social anxiety disorder and had more symptoms of ADHD, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and lower verbal intelligence than those without DP. Dental phobia is prevalent in adolescence and exists independently from other anxieties, although persons with DP more often experience social anxiety, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulties understanding advanced language. These tendencies could lead to challenges with interaction and comprehension during dental visits.

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