青少年和年轻成人中的盆腔炎：最新进展

摘要(中文译文)

盆腔炎性疾病（PID）是女性上生殖道的一种感染，通常为多种微生物混合感染，经典的核心病原体为淋病奈瑟菌和/或沙眼衣原体，但阴道-宫颈区域的其他内源性菌群也可参与其中。它通常是一种性传播疾病，但也可通过其他病因途径传播。目前已确定的危险因素多种多样，包括青春期、青年期、青少年宫颈外翻、多个性伴侣、免疫系统未成熟、既往盆腔炎性疾病史、不安全的避孕措施等。早期诊断和及时治疗对于降低盆腔炎性疾病并发症（如慢性盆腔痛、异位妊娠和不孕症）的风险至关重要。本文还对盆腔炎性疾病的当前管理原则进行了综述。临床医生应筛查性活跃女性的常见性传播感染（如沙眼衣原体），并向其青少年和青年患者提供安全性行为教育，这一点非常重要。临床医生应为盆腔炎性疾病患者提供综合管理，并采用已有的指南，如美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）发布的指南。

Abstract

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that is typically polymicrobial with classic core involvement of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis, though other endogenous flora from the vagino-cervical areas can be involved as well. It is often a sexually transmitted disease but other etiologic routes are also noted. A variety of risk factors have been identified including adolescence, young adulthood, adolescent cervical ectropion, multiple sexual partners, immature immune system, history of previous PID, risky contraceptive practices and others. An early diagnosis and prompt treatment are necessary to reduce risks of PID complications such as chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Current management principles of PID are also reviewed. It is important for clinicians to screen sexually active females for common sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis and provide safer sex education to their adolescent and young adult patients. Clinicians should provide comprehensive management to persons with PID and utilize established guidelines such as those from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

如何引用

Disease-a-month : DM 的其他文献

• 妊娠丢失的遗传决定因素：机制、诊断进展及临床意义
• GLP-1激动剂和中风和帕金森病的神经保护：系统综述