青少年脊柱侧凸和脊柱后凸：诊断与治疗

摘要(中文译文)

脊柱侧凸和后凸是常见于青春期的脊柱畸形。脊柱侧凸有多种病因，但通常为特发性。其自然病程涉及肺功能受限、背痛和自我形象问题。弯曲角度较大的年幼儿童进展风险最高。治疗包括观察、支具治疗或手术。脊柱后凸是脊柱矢状面曲度的病理性增大。休尔曼后凸是一种独特的畸形类型，其诊断依据影像学标准，即3个相邻椎体节段楔形变达5度。对于青少年患者及其家庭而言，畸形是主要关注点，而疼痛则是成年患者的主要主诉。

Abstract

Scoliosis and kyphosis are spinal deformities that are commonly detected in the adolescent years. Scoliosis has many etiologies but is usually idiopathic. The natural history concerns pulmonary restriction, back pain, and self-image. Young children with large curves are at the greatest risk for progression. Treatment includes observation, bracing, or surgery. Kyphosis is a pathologic increase in sagittal curves of the spine. Scheuermann kyphosis is a distinct category of deformity that is diagnosed on the basis of the radiographic criteria of 3 adjacent vertebral levels with 5 degrees of wedging. The deformity is the main concern for teenage patients and their families, whereas pain is the main complaint in adults.

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